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Pscyh Flashcards

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1
Q

Illusion

A

Misinterpretation of a perception

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2
Q

Affect illusion

A

Perception interpreted according to mood

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3
Q

Completion illusion

A

Lack of attention causes perception to be misinterpreted

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4
Q

Pareidolic illusion

A

Shapes seen in other objects

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5
Q

Hallucination

A

Perceptions arising w/i the mind w/o any external stimulus

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6
Q

Extracampine hallucination

A

Occurs beyond normal range of sensation

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7
Q

Functional hallucination

A

Occurs when separate, unrelated stimulus in same sensory modality

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8
Q

Reflex hallucination

A

Occurs when separate, unrelated stimulus in different sensory modality

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9
Q

Hypnogogic hallucination

A

Occurs on going to sleep

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10
Q

Hypnapompic hallucination

A

Occurs on waking

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11
Q

Pseudo-hallucinations

A

Not perceived as external and pt has insight

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12
Q

Delusion

A

A false belief held despite proof to the contrary and out of keeping w/ pt social, cultural + educational background

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13
Q

Primary delusion

A

Occurs out of the blue

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14
Q

Secondary delusion

A

Arises from attempt to understand other mood or experience and is understandable w/i that context

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15
Q

Overvalued idea

A

Strongly held belief, which dominates life but not always culturally abnormal or illogical

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16
Q

Othello syndrome

A

Morbid jealousy (delusional), usually male thinks partner is cheating and can get aggressive

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17
Q

de Clerambault’s

A

F thinks famous male is secretly in love w/ them and sending them messages

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18
Q

Cotard’s syndrome

A

Nihilistic delusions - thinks internal organs have disappeared or rotted away

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19
Q

Ekbom’s

A

Delusional parasitosis (formication) NOT a hallucination

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20
Q

Fregoli’s

A

Delusional misidentification - believe strangers are people well known to them in disguise

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21
Q

Rett’s

A

X linked dom disorder seen only in girls

Causes severe Physical + LD

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22
Q

Charles Bonnet syndrome

A

Complex visual hallucination in the visually impaired

Insight retained

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23
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Overvalued idea NOT a delusion

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24
Q

Frotteurism

A

Touching or rubbing against someone for pleasure

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25
Witmaack-Ekbom syndrome
Restless legs syndrome
26
Kleine-Levin syndrome
Distinct periods of hyperphagia and hypersomnia
27
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
X linked disorder in uric acid metabolism Causes uricaemia Causes severe LD, striking self harm + chorea
28
Tourette's
Verbal AND Motor tics
29
Tic disorder
Either verbal OR motor tics
30
Angelman's
Inactivation of maternal Ch15 | Causes severe LD, almost no language, ataxia, freq. laughter + highly excitable behaviour
31
PANDAS
Paediatric AI Neuropsych Disorders Assoc w/ Strep infection | Assoc w/ OCD and tics
32
VLOSLP
Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis | Partition Delusions common
33
Partition delusions
Non permeable objects become permeable e.g. walls to radiation
34
DLB Sx (classic triad)
Visual hallucinations Fluctuating cognitive impairment Parkinsonism NB antipsychotic CI
35
Dementia vs depression in elederly
Insight rare in dementia | Worry about memory loss more likely in depression
36
Dx of depression (core feats)
Anergia Anhedonia Low mood At least 1 must be present for at least 2 weeks
37
Bio feats fo depression (4)
Change in appetite and weight Change in sleep pattern (early am wakening) Loss of libido Duirnal variation in mood (am worse)
38
Hebephrenic schizophrenia
Dominated by thought disorder + affective Sx Social withdrawal Childlike affect -ve Sx early + poor prognosis
39
Catatonic schizophrenia
Pyschomotor disturbance Automatic obedience or negativism Waxy flexibility Echolalia
40
Paranoid schizophrenia
Delusions + hallucinations | Thought disorder less common
41
Residual
Late stage +ve Sx replaced by -ve Sx
42
Simple
Insidious development of oddities of conduct, inability to meet demands of society and decreased performance Usually no overt psychotic Sx
43
1st rank Schizophrenia Sx
``` Delusional perception Running commentary Audible thoughts Voices arguing Somatic passivity Thought alienation (withdrawal, insertion or broadcasting) ```
44
Psych feats of depression (incl Beck's triad)
``` Guilt Hopelessness Worthlessness Helplessness Suicidal ideation ```
45
Delusional perception
normal perception interpreted w/ delusional meaning at time of event (1st rank)
46
Delusional memory
Normal memory recalled and interpreted w/ delusional meaning
47
PTSD Dx
``` Sx must be present for >1 month Exposure to life-threatening event Re-experiencing Avoidance Increased arousal Insomnia Increased startle reflex ```
48
Acute stress reaction
Disorientation and confusion | Subsides w/i hours or days
49
Schizophrenia DSM4 characteristic Sx
``` 2 or more characteristic Sx for 1 month Social or occupational dysfunction Significant duration (6 months w/ at least 1 month of Sx) ```
50
Schizophrenia DSM4 characteristic Sx
Delusions Hallucinations Disordered speech Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour -ve Sx: blunted affect, social withdrawal, allege, avolition
51
Schizophrenia ICD10 Dx
At least 1 1st rank or 2 other Sx for 1 month
52
Delirium tremens
Autonomic instability, N+V, delirium, tremor +/- seizures Usually starts 6-12h after last drink Peaks at 24-48h
53
Mx of delirium tremens
1st line: Oral Lorazepam 2nd line: IV Lorazepam, Haloperidol or Olanzapine NB Give Thiamine (Pabrinex)
54
Mx of other delirium
1st line: Conservative 2nd line: Haloperidol or Olanzapine 3rd line: Benzos
55
Huntinton's disease
CAG repeat on CH 4p Cell loss in basal ganglia, substantia nigra + cerebellum Sx: Choreoid + Athetoid movements, Dementia, Personality change
56
Capgras syndrome
Person or object looks same but has lost familiarity
57
Frontal Sx
``` Inappropriate or fatuous affect Lability + Irritability of mood Hypersexuality Hyperphagia Childishness (Witzelsucht) Poor concentration + forced utilisation ```
58
Basal ganglia Sx
Motor disturbance -ve Sx: slowing + lack of spontaneity Obsessional Sx
59
Limbic Sx
Amnesic syndrome
60
Parietal Sx
``` Visuo-spatial deficits eg agnosia Dyspraxia Dysphasia Gerstmann's syndrome If non dom lobe may cause body image disturbance or neglect ```
61
Gerstmann's syndrome
``` Parietal lobe Sx L-R disorientation Dyscalculia Finger agnosia Agraphia ```
62
Occipital Sx
Complex visual disturbance | eg Anton's syndrome
63
Anton's syndrome
Occipital lobe dysfunction | Cortical blindness w/o insight
64
Tumour Sx: wall + floor of 3rd vent
Amnesia + confabulation Hypersomnia + hyperphagia Pyrexia + polydipsia DI
65
Tumour Sx: Cerebellum
Ataxia + nystagmus | Raised ICP
66
Tumour Sx: Corpus Callosum
Profound psych disturbance | v rapid loss of higher function
67
Tumour Sx: Pons
Headache N+V Diplopia Drowsiness+Dysarrthria
68
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
Pyrexia EPSE (Tremor + rigidity) Risk of rhabdomyolysis
69
Mx of NMS
Immediately stop antipsychotic | IV fluid + antipyretics
70
Acute dystonia Mx
Emergency | AntiCholinergic
71
Serotonin syndrome
Similar to NMS but NO rigidity
72
Clozapine SEs
Weight gain DM Agranulocytosis AntiACh (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth)
73
Olanzapine SEs
Weight gain DM AntiACh (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth)
74
Aripiprazole SEs
Less weight gain than others Less EPSE Anti ACh N+V + Insomnia
75
Risperidone SEs
Prolactin release | HoTN
76
Amisulpiride SEs
Prolactin release | QT prolongation
77
Haloperidol SEs
EPSE + acute dystonia
78
ESPE
Dystonia Parkinsonism (rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor) Tardive dyskinesia
79
SSRI SEs
N+D Agitation Insomnia Anorgasmia
80
Chlorpromazine SEs
Obstructive Jaundice Prolactin release AntiACh
81
Quetiapine SEs
Tachycardia | Anti ACh
82
SSRI Egs
``` Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Paroxetine Citalopram (delayed ejaculation+anorgasmia) Escitalopram Sertraline ```
83
TCA SEs
``` Sedation Anti ACh Postural HoTN Seizures ED Ventricular dysrhythmias in overdose ```
84
TCA Egs
Imipramine Desipramine Amitriptyline Clomipramine
85
Venlafaxine
SNRI | SE as SSRIs + withdrawal effects
86
Duloxetine
SNRI Fewer SEs than venlafaxine Sedation, dizziness, sexual dysfunction
87
NARIs
Burpropion Maprotiline Reboxetine All AntiACh
88
MOAR antag
``` Mirtazepine Trazodone (HoTN, dysrhythmia, priapism) ```
89
MOAi
Phenelzine Trancypromine Isocarboxazid Moclobemide
90
Li SEs
``` N+V+D Tremor Polyuria HoTy Weight gain Hair loss ```
91
Lamotrigine
Used as mood stabiliser to prevent + Tx Mania
92
Carbamazepine + Valproate
Used as mood stabiliser to Tx Mania
93
5 factors in personality
``` OCEAN Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion/Intraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```
94
ICD10 PD Dx
Inflexible, maladaptive + dysfunctional behaviour Pervasive across all situations Manifest in >1 of Cognition, Affectivity, Control over impulses + Manner of relating to others Must be distress to individual or social environment Arise during late childhood/adolescence Stable + of long duration No organic cause
95
ADHD Dx
Excessive motor activity Inattention Occurring in >1 setting for at least 6/12
96
Narcolepsy (classic tetrad)
Periods of sudden deep sleep Cataplexy Sleep paralysis Hypnagogic hallucinations
97
Tx of OCD
SSRIs Clomipramine (TCA) Psych: exposure + response prevention
98
Histrionic PD
Crave attention Preoccupied w/ appearance Inappropriately flirtatious
99
Emotionally unstable PD
Disturbed views of self-image Feelings of emptiness Intense but easily broken relationships Self-harm (often to avoid abandonment) Impulsve type -> lack of self control + violent outbursts

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