Pseudomonas

Question 1

Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase positive bacteria commonly found in aquatic habitats and soil; almost all sp. are motile by means of polar flagella positioned at one or both ends

Answer 1

Pseudomonas

Question 2

The only Pseudomonas sp. that is non-motile therefore does not have a flagella

Answer 2

Pseudomonas malle

Question 3

Pseudomonas sp. that is referred to as “bacillus of green pus”

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 4

P. aeruginosa is referred to as “bacillus of green pus” due to production of which 2 water soluble pigments?

Answer 4

Fluorescein
Pyocyanin

Question 5

A pyoverdine which is yellow-green and becomes oxidized to yellow

Answer 5

Fluorescein

Question 6

A bluish green pigment that oxidizes to brown and is soluble in chloroform

Answer 6

Pyocyanin

Question 7

Identify the Pseudomonas sp.

• normally not virulent/pathogenic
• opportunistic
• low virulence but cause suppurative infections in domestic animals
• associated with wounds, immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged administration of broad spectrum antibiotics, burns, debilitating surgery

Answer 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

P. aeruginosa is commonly found in what part of the chicken? This causes early spoilage of meat.

Answer 8

intestinal contents

Question 9

What condition does P. aeruginosa infection cause in sheep? It’s associated with wetting of fleece.

Answer 9

green wool

Question 10

Morphology of P. aeruginosa

Answer 10

straight, slender rod (2.5 x 0.4um)
1-3 polar flagella

Question 11

Does P. aeruginosa form spores, Yes or No?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

The capsule of P. aeruginosa is always present, sometimes present, or never present?

Answer 12

sometimes present

Question 13

Identify the Pseudomonas sp. based on these cultural features

• bright green pigment
• smooth, shiny, moist, fimbriate spreading colonies
• produces grape-like odor (aminoacetophenone)
• opalescent sheen on surface of growths on solid media

Answer 13

P. aeruginosa

Question 14

Some strains of P. aeruginosa lose ability to form pigment upon prolonged culture. True or False?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Toxins of P. aeruginosa (3)

Answer 15

1.) toxin A - inhibits protein synthesis
2.) alkaline proteases - destroys proteins
3.) elastase - digests proteins

Question 16

This strain of P. aeruginosa is fairly common and identified by their mucoid growth on potassium gluconate medium

Answer 16

Apyocyanogenic strains

Question 17

metabolic/oxygen requirement of P. aeruginosa

Answer 17

Obligate aerobe (uses O2 as terminal electron receptor)

Question 18

P. aeruginosa cannot be cultivated in simple media. True or False?

Answer 18

False

it be cultivated in simplest media since it’s
non-fastidious

Question 19

Incubation temperature of P. aeruginosa?

Answer 19

4 to 42ºC

Question 20

Does P. aeruginosa ferment carbohydrates, Yes or No?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Some strains of P. aeruginosa produce acid from some sugars. True or False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Most strains of P. aeruginosa from lesions can liquefy what?

Answer 22

Gelatin

Question 23

Is P. aeruginosa hemolytic or non-hemolytic?

Answer 23

hemolytic

Question 24

P. aeruginosa biochemical test results

Indole:
MR
VP:
Catalase:
Oxidase:
Urease:

Answer 24

Indole & MR-VP - negative

Catalase, Oxidase, and Urease - positive

Question 25

Antigens of P. aeruginosa

Answer 25

17 somatic O antigens 6H or flagellar antigens

Question 26

Which toxin of P. aeruginosa inhibits protein synthesis and contributes significantly to lesion development in burn infections?

Answer 26

Toxin A

Question 27

Which toxin of P. aeruginosa destroys elastin in lung parenchyma which is important virulence factor in experimentally induced pneumonia?

Answer 27

Elastase

Question 28

Which 2 toxins of P. aeruginosa is important in production of edema, induration, hemorrhage, necrosis observed in skin lesions?

Answer 28

Toxin A and Protease

Question 29

What bacteriocin that kills other strains of same species does P. aeruginosa produce? It's a protein used in typing by testing extract of unknown organism against indicator strains or by testing sensitivity of unknown organism

Answer 29

Pyocin

Question 30

Used to distinguish between P. aeruginosa strains of same O group, involves spotting known phage suspensions on overlay of test strains and noting lysis patterns after incubation

Answer 30

Phage Typing

Question 31

P. aeruginosa toxin production in vivo enhanced by ready availability of which 3 amino acids in animal tissue?

Answer 31

1.) aspartic acid 2.) glutamic acid 3.) alpha-alanine

Question 32

Layer of very thin capsule produced by P. aeruginosa that is antiphagocytic and facilitates penetration of tissues

Answer 32

Slime layer

Question 33

P. aeruginosa infection can cause what diseases in swine? (3)

Answer 33

1.) Necrotic Pneumonia 2.) Enteritis 3.) Rhinitis

Question 34

P. aeruginosa found in lesions in cattle is associated with what disease?

Answer 34

Traumatic Reticulopericarditis

Question 35

P. aeruginosa is frequent cause of what disease in bovine? It involves 4 quarters (mammary glands) exhibiting endotoxemia leading to death

Answer 35

Bovine Mastitis

Question 36

What other conditions can P. aeruginosa infection in bovine cause? (4)

Answer 36

1.) Bovine Infertility 2.) Uteritis 3.) Cervicitis 4.) Vaginitis

Question 37

What other conditions can P. aeruginosa infection in cattle cause? (3)

Answer 37

1.) Sporadic Abortion 2.) Spermicidal 3.) Balanoposthitis (bulls)

Question 38

P. aeruginosa infection cannot be transmitted by stallions. True or False?

Answer 38

False

Question 39

P. aeruginosa infection can cause what conditions in mares?

Answer 39

Metritis and Infertility

Question 40

P. aeruginosa infection causes what disease in dogs as complications of injury, mange, bacterial & fungal infections?

Answer 40

Suppurative Otitis Externa

Question 41

P. aeruginosa infection is most devastating in which 2 animals where it causes hemorrhagic pneumonia when organism enters when animal sniffs food?

Answer 41

Minks and Chinchillas

Question 42

Clinical signs of P. aeruginosa infection in minks and chinchillas

Answer 42

hemorrhagic pneumonia 1.) depression & tachypnea 2.) frothy, red fluid expressed from nares 3.) lungs hemorrhagic w/ areas of necrosis w/ organisms present as microscopic colonies

Question 43

P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic invader of traumatized cornea in what animal? It results to opacification & ulceration that is difficult to treat

Answer 43

Racing Horses

Question 44

Is vaccine against P. aeruginosa available? Yes or No?

Answer 44

Yes (bacterins & toxoids) * successful immunity in minks * lesions are less severe & heal more rapidly in horses

Question 45

Antibiotics that P. aeruginosa is susceptible to

Answer 45

1.) Gentamycin 2.) Tobramycin 3.) Carbenicillin 4.) Polymyxin B 5.) Amikacin 6.) Colistin 7.) Silver sulfadiazine

Question 46

2 species of Genera Burkholderia that's of veterinary importance

Answer 46

Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia mallei

Question 47

Identify the Burkholderia sp. * Bacillus of Whitmore, Malleomyces pseudomallei * melioidosis * widespread in soil & water * facultative intracellular parasite (immune response mainly cell mediated)

Answer 47

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 48

Caused by B. pseudomallei, a glanders-like disease first described by Whitmore and Krishnaswami

Answer 48

Melioidosis

Question 49

Morphology and Staining of B. pseudomallei

Answer 49

Gram negative (bipolar staining) Peritrichous flagella

Question 50

Identify the Burkholderia sp. based on these cultural features * colonies rough to mucoid & cream-colored to orange * acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose, & mannitol * produce oxidase but not pyoverdine * grows on simple media (non-fastidious)

Answer 50

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 51

B. pseudomallei is widely distributed in ____, _____, & _____.

Answer 51

soil, water, & feces

Question 52

B. pseudomallei infection can occur by how? (2)

Answer 52

inhalation or via wound

Question 53

Naturally occurring B. pseudomallei infection involves primarily which host animals and thru what?

Answer 53

rodents thru insect bites

Question 54

B. pseudomallei transmission among animals and humans is common, rare, or impossible?

Answer 54

Rare

Question 55

B. pseudomallei infection can cause Melioidosis in which animals? (7) PG CD SHD

Answer 55

1.) cats 2.) dogs 3.) pigs 4.) goats 5.) sheep 6.) horses 7.) dolphins

Question 56

Characteristic lesion of B. pseudomallei infection that coalesce to form large areas of caseation or they break down into abscesses?

Answer 56

small caseous nodule

Question 57

Nodules casued by B. pseudomallei infection can be found in which body parts? (7) LLL S JNT

Answer 57

1.) liver 2.) lymph nodes 3.) spleen 4.) lungs 5.) joints 6.) nasal cavity 7.) tonsils other organs

Question 58

Which 2 animals are highly susceptible to B. pseudomallei infection?

Answer 58

guinea pigs and rabbits

Question 59

B. pseudomallei inoculated male guinea pigs develop ______ reaction, a purulent orchitis

Answer 59

Straus reaction

Question 60

Diagnosis of B. pseudomallei infection

Answer 60

1.) isolation & identification from blood/lesions 2.) hemagglutination test from serum 3.) fluorescent antiserum 4.) complement fixation test & agglutination test

Question 61

Antibiotics that B. pseudomallei is SUSCEPTIBLE to

Answer 61

Combination of: 1.) trimethoprim 2.) sulfamethoxazole 3.) novobiocin 4.) tetracycline

Question 62

Antibiotics that B. pseudomallei is RESISTANT to

Answer 62

1.) cloxacillin 2.) colistin 3.) gentamicin 4.) polymyxin B

Question 63

Burkholderia sp. that causes glanders

Answer 63

Burkholderia mallei

Question 64

Infectious disease caused by B. mallei that primarily affects horses, but also affects donkeys, mules, goats, dogs, cats

Answer 64

Glanders