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Pseudomonas Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some general features of Pseudomonas

A

Saprophytic - Gram -ve/motile/aerobe - Extracellular slime layer - causes blue/green pus - Opportunist - Very resistant to antimicrobials: Intrinsic resistance(due to biofilms) - P. aeroginosa most common

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2
Q

What does Pseudomonas cause

A

Sheep = Fleet rot (Discolouration) - Mares + cows = abortion/metritis - Dogs = Otitis externa, cystitis, dermatitis, prostitis - Poultry = Septicaemia, dermatitis - Humans = Generalised infections, Biofilms in lungs (Cystic fibrosis patients)

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3
Q

How is Pseudomonas intrinsic antimicrobial resistance

A

1) Low permeability of outer membrane - 2) Multi-drug efflux pumps - 3) Production of chromosomally encoded Beta-Lactamases - 4) Biofilm

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4
Q

What does Burkholderi mallei cause/ general features

A

“Glanders” (Farcy) - Nodules/Ulcers in the respiratory tract/skin - Equine/zoonotic - Gram -ve

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5
Q

What are the 3 forms chronic granulomatous disease of Burkholderi mallei

A

1) Nasal form: Ulcerated mucosa/blood stained nasal discharge - 2) Pulmonary form: Granulomas in lungs - 3) Cutaneous form “Farcy”: corded lymphatics/ulcers/oily pus

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6
Q

What does Burkholderi Pseudomallei cause/general features

A

Agent of “Meliodosis” - Found in soil - A lot of sublinical infections - typically in sheep, goats, pigs - occasionally in cattle, horse, dogs, cats, humans - Gram -ve

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7
Q

What are the 2 forms of disease of Burkholderi Pseudomallei

A

1) Acute septicaemia (Mainly in young animals) 2) Chronic abscesses in lungs/liver/lymph nodes

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8
Q

What does Aeromonas hydrophila cause/general features

A

Gram -ve - effects fish/amphibians/reptiles - causes ulcerative lesions/septicaemia in fresh water fish

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9
Q

What does Aeromonas salmonicida cause/general features

A

Gram -ve - Causing ulcers in salmon and koi

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10
Q

What are the 7 common features of Respiratory/mucosal pathogens

A

Gram -ve - Coccbacilli/cocci - Respiratory +/- Reproduction infection - Carriage (Obligate) - Commensals/opportunists - “Stress” > disease - occasionally septicaemias

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11
Q

What are the 10 main respiratory/mucosal pathogens

A

Pasteurella - Francisella - Bordetella - Moraxella - Legionella - Haemophilus - Histophilus - Actinobacillus - Mannheimia - Bibersteinia

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12
Q

What are the general features of Pasteurella

A

Commensals, obligate parasites of vertebrates located in the nasopharynx/tonsils - Complex pathogenesis - P. multocida is the most significant - Specific capsular types associated with host-specific diseases

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13
Q

What are the general features of Pasteurella. multocida

A

Short gram -ve rod with bipolar staining - Doesn’t grow on MCA - Has a odour - Larger capsule = more pathogenic - 5 capsular serogroups - 16 “somatic” serogroups (F is most important for Fowl cholera)

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14
Q

What diseases does Pasteruella. multocida cause/spread

A

1) Septicaemia pasteurellosis - 2) Fowl cholera - 3) Pneumonic pasteurellosis - 4) Atrophic rhinitis (Pigs) - 5) cat and dog bites (Abscesses + toxic signs) (Zoonosis)

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15
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Septicaemia pasteurellosis/spread

A

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Cattle, buffalo, ect) - Acute septicaemia/Chronic pleuropneumonia (stress of monsoon) - Spreads from upper respiratory tract

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16
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Fowl cholera

A

Acute septicaemia (esp turkeys) - chronic URT signs - Stress +/- introduction of virulent strain - Vaccines used

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17
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Pneumonic pasteurellosis

A

Bronchopneumonia, often secondary to viral infections

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18
Q

What symptoms of pasteruella. multocida are from Atrophic rhinitis

A

type D > toxins if Bordetella bronchiseptica is present

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19
Q

What is “shipping fever” caused from Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Bovine respiratory disease complex - Causes secondary pneumonia following a primary viral infection (Bovine Herpes virus, BVD ect) - Can be induced via stress

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20
Q

What are some of the general features of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Indole negative - weak growth on MCA - Beta haemolysis due to leukotoxin - Vaccine available

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21
Q

What disease is caused from Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

Pneumonic pasteurellosis of sheep (5-11 months old)

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22
Q

What Actinobacillus spp is host specific to swine

A

A. pleuropneumoniae (APP)

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23
Q

What are some general features of Actinobacillus. pleuropnemoniae

A

Hemolytic Gram -ve - capsulated - coccobacillary rod - highly host specific for swine - strains vary in virulence and pathogenicity

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24
Q

What disease is caused from Actinobacillus. pleuropnemoniae and how is it transmitted

A

Severe/contagious respiratory disease - high morbidity/mortality - transmitted via nose to nose contact - vaccines available - 15 serovars 1.5,7,15 common in Australia

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25
What disease does Actinobacillus. lignieresii cause
Wooden tongue (Cattle) = swollen tongue - inability to eat/drink - drooling/saliva - rapid loss of condition - Ulcers on tongue. Small multiple granulomas "daisy head granules"
26
What disease does Actinobacillus. equuli cause
Sleepy foal disease = septicaemia/"joint ill" - in pigs septicaemia/arthritis/abortion.
27
What disease does Actinobacillus. suis cause
septicaemia in sows + litters
28
What disease does Actinobacillus. seminis cause
Palpable lesions of the epididymis in rams (abscess in balls)
29
What disease does Francisella tularensis cause
Tick-borne - Acute septicaemia - Tularemia - zoonotic = slow healing ulcer + lymphadenopathy in humans
30
What cause Fowl coryza in adult poultry/What are the symptoms
Avibacterium paragallinarum - Nasal and eye discharge - Conjunctivitis - swelling of wattles - eedema of the head - Dyspnea - Egg drop - Vaccine available
31
Who are the 4 first Microbiologist/Bacterialologists
32
What are the 3 classifications of bacteria
33
What are the Bacterial DNA
34
What are the characteristics of Gram -/+ bacteria
35
Discribe the Gram staning process
36
What are the functions of Lipoplysaccharides
37
What is the function/form of the Capsule
38
What is the function of Pilli - Fimbriae - flagela - and endospore
39
What are the 2 types of Microbial growth
40
What is the use of a soild media
41
What is the use of a liquid media
42
what is the use of solid + liquid meida nutrients
43
What is the use of a Routine media
44
What is the use of a Enrichment media
45
What are the 3 types of Haemolytic patterns on blood agar plate
46
What is the use of a Selective media
47
What are the 3 types of philes when it comes to conditions of growth temp
48
What arethe 5 types of atmospheres used by bacteria
49
What are the steps in the Growth of indicidual bacteria cells
50
What are the 4 stages in logarithmic growth
51
What are the 2 ways of measurement of bacterial growth
52
What are the 3 main ways of classification for bacteria and the naming convetions
53
What is the importance of 16s rRNA indentification
54
What are the lower taxonomic categories of bacteria
55
What are the 3 key steps in vet lab bacterial indentification
56
What is the objective/Species/Taxonomy/Vet diagnostic lab identification of bacteria
57
What nurtient plates would you grow Mucosal infection - Body fluid - Suspect fastidius organism - Fungal pathogens
58
What is the use of Lancefield's grouping (A-G) for streptococci
59
What is MaLDi-ToFF
60
What are the 2 main types of mutations in Bacterial genetics
Point mutations and Deletion mutations
61
What are the 4 types of Bacterial Recombination
62
What are the functions of Integrons/Transposons
63
What are clones in bacteria
64
What is the importance of genotyping and MLST
65
What are Antibiotic - Antimicrobial - Chemotherapy
66
What are Antimicrobial agents
67
What are the problems with antibiotics
68
How do you test what anitmicrobials work
69
What are these types of Susceptibility testing - CLSI - MIC - MBC - E strips
70
What mechanisms in the bacteria of action work with Antimicrobials
71
What are the terms of clinical use of antibiotics
72
Why is antimicrobial resistance increasing
73
What is drug resistance
74
what are the 6 ways in which bacteria resist drugs
75
What are the 3 types of antimicrobial resistance standing
76
What are the 5 types of Multi-drug resistance
PDR: Resistance to all antimicrobials
77
What is Koch's Postulates
78
What are the main terms in Bacteriaology
79
What are the 4 attributes of bacteria that contribute to disease
80
What are the defientions of the types of infections - Purulent - Bacteraemia - Septicaemia - Toxaemia - Granulomatous - Local
Local: Localised infection
81
What are the 6 main types of transmission
82
What are some common sites of microbial entry
Skin - Conjuctiva/Mucous membranes - Venereal (Reproductive track) - Respiratory - Ingestion - Vertical transmission - Insect vectors - Direct Contact
83
What are the properties of Colonisation bacteria
84
What are the steps in invasion bacteria
85
What mechanisms can bacteria use for immune evansion
86
What is the form/function of an Endotoxin
87
What are the general characteristics of Staphylococcus and its 3 major groups
88
What are the 3 minor groups of staphylococcus
89
What staphylococcus diseases occour in humans and what is the most common staphylococcus group
90
What are the main types of infection/toxin for Staphlococcus
91
What does the main toxin in Staphlococcus (Panton valentine leucocidin toxin (PLV) cause
92
Why is strain typing important when treating bacterial infections
93
How did ST398/CC398 become MRSA (mecA gene)
94
What does Staphlococcus. pseudintermedius cause in dogs
95
What are the general characteristics of Streptococcus
96
What are the main differences between Streptococcus and Staphlococcus
97
What are the methods of strep classification with Lancefield's grouping
98
What are the Haemolysis classifications of strep
99
What are the symptoms on a strep infection
100
How does immunity work with strep
101
What are the main types of strep diseases
102
What is the most important infectious disease of young equines, and the features about it
103
What is the pathogenesis of Strangles
104
What are some general features of Strep suis
105
What groups of strep cause Mastitis
106
What are some general characteristics of Enterocoocus spp
107
What is the treatment/control of strep infections
108
What are the general characteristics of Actinobaccteria - and what are the 5 main types
109
What are the 4 main types of small gram +ve rods
110
What are the general characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes/ what diseases are caused in what hosts
111
What is the general characteristicis of Rhodococcus equi - the common disease - pathogenesis - clinical signs and epidemiology
112
What are the general characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae / forms of infections in pigs and pathogenesis
113
What is the chronic disease form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause / Epidemiology / Diseases in other animals
114
What are the general characteristics of Corynebacterium / the species of interest
115
What are the general characterisitcis of spore-forming organisms / 2 types that are spore forming rods
116
What are the general characteristics of Bacillus anthracis / Animal species effected / Clinical signs / Acute form signs
117
What are the general signs of Bacillus anthracis in cats/dogs - the Pathogenesis / Diagnosis / Epidemiology
118
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium spp and the 3 main species
119
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. perfringes A-E
120
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. difficile
121
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. tetani
122
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium. botulinum
123
What are the general characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae gram -ve
124
What are the major Entric systemic pathogens
125
What are the opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae Gram -ve pathogens
126
What are the good the bad and the ugly infections of E. coli
127
What are the subtyping/Serotyping for Enterobacteriaceae Gram -ve
128
What are the general features of Avian pathogenic E. coli
129
What are the general features of Intestinal E. coli in both pigs and ruminants
130
What are the virulence factors for Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
131
What does Shiga-toxin peoducing E. coli (STEC) / Enterohaemoragic E. coli cause
132
What are the general characteristics of Salmonella spp
133
What are the Salmonella Serovars / What species infect which hosts / Which species cause food posining / What is salmonellosis
134
What does Salmonella. typhimurium cause
135
What are the 4 Salmonellosis in poultry
136
What is the main Salmonellosis in cattle/ what does it cause
137
What is the main Salmonellosis in Pigs

VET211 (3 decks)

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