Psichia esami erasmus Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
A 25-year old man comes to the office because he has severe restlessness, anxiety, and generalized
myalgia during the past three days. The patient says he has not slept for the past two days. Physical
examination shows dilatation of the pupils, excessive lacrimation, diaphoresis and piloerection. The most
likely cause of this patient’s condition is withdrawal of which of the following substances?
a. Cocaine
b. Inhalants
c. Methamphetamines
d. Modafmil
e. Opioids
A
E
2
Q
A 45-year old woman who has had low grade chronic depression for more than two years come to the
office because she has had weakness, cold intolerance, constipation, and weight gain during the past six
months. Physical examination shows dry, coarse skin as well as bradycardia, hypothermia and swelling of
the hand and feet. Which of the following laboratory studies is the most appropriate to determine the
diagnosis?
a. Liver function testing
b. Measurement of serum C-reactive protein level;
c. Measurement of serum electrolyte level;
d. Measurement of serum estrogen level;
e. Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level.
A
E
3
Q
A 40-year old man with bipolar disorder, comes to the clinic for routine follow up examination. His
condition has been difficult to control and his required treatment with multiple medication during the past
two years. His mood has been stable with his current regimen but for the past three months, he has had
tremor primarily affecting his hands. Which of the following medications is the most likely cause of this
patient tremor?
a. Carbamazepine
b. Gabapentin
c. Lamotrigine
d. Lithium carbonate
e. None of listed
A
D
4
Q
A 21-year old woman who is a medicine student has brought to the clinic by her room mate because she
has been acting strangely during the past 8 months. During the past month, the patient has been
describing how another person’s thoughts have been entering into her mind. The patient’s grades have
been slipping and she doesn’t talk as much as she did previously. The roommate says that when the
patient does talk, she strays from the topic and is hard to follow. During the interview the patient says a
television reporter told her that the government has a special message for her and she should listen to the
radio for further instructions. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these patient
symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Schizoaffective disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Schizophreniform disorder
e. Stress disorder
A
C
5
Q
A 43-year old man comes to the office after he experienced what he says was a nervous breakdown. The
patient says that after he recently declared bankrupt, loosing his home and his business, he became very
depressed. During this time, he begun to hear voices telling him that he was useless and should kill himself.
The patient says his symptoms stopped after one week. He has had no similar episodes. Medical history
includes no psychiatric conditions. At the time of examination he is not reporting any psychopathological
symptom. Physical examination shows no abnormalities, and results of laboratory studies are within
normal limits. In which group of the following diagnosis could be the patient’s diagnosed included?
a. Personality disorders
b. Acute and transient psychotic disorders
c. Affective disorders
d. Persistent delusional disorders
e. Schizoaffective disorders.
A
B
6
Q
A 55-year old woman comes to the office because she has a 20-year history of repetitive actions and is tired of wasting time by repeating these actions. The patient says she repeatedly check the doors in her house to make sure they are locked, washes her hands several times per hour, and check her electrical appliance three times each morning before she leaves for work. Which of the following condition is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Depression
e. Stress disorder
A
B
7
Q
A 23-year old woman who is a psychology student comes to the health service center because she has had symptoms of depression for the past three months, since she was a victimof date rape at a party. She is embarrassed and ashamed. She did not get medical care at the time. The patient says she has not told her friends about the incident and she has continuedto attend classes and work part time. However she says she constantly feels sad and anxious, has become tearful and withdrawn, and has had difficult sleeping because of frightening nightmares about the event. This patient likely has:
a. Acute stress disorder
b. Adjustment disorder
c. Generalized anxiety disorder
d. Major depressive disorder
e. Post-traumatic stress disorder
A
E
8
Q
A 10-year old boy with a history of involuntary eye blinking and snorting comes to the office because he is
distressed about increasing frequency of these blinking over the past two years. Which of the following
most likely cause these symptoms?
a. Delusional disorder
b. Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
c. Panic disorder
d. Schizophreniform disorder
e. Stress disorder
A
B
9
Q
Istanbul Protocol
(A) is a guide to prove the evidences of physical or psychical torture
(B) is a guide to prove the evidences of only psychical torture
(C) determines the amount of penalties for persons who carry out torture
(D) refers to the prohibition of violence against women
(E) allows the application against torturers
A
A
10
Q
Possible side effects of antipsychotics are:
(A) akathisia
(B) metabolic syndrome
(C) neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(D) QTc interval prolongation
(E) hyperprolactinaemia
a) A, B, C, E
b) B, C, E
c) A, B; C; D, E.
d) A, C, E
e) C, E
A
C (tutte)
11
Q
Disorders , stress-related
a. Generalized anxiety disorder
b. Adaptation disorder
c. Social phobia
d. Acute stress disorder
e. Posttraumatic stress disorder
A
metterei tutte
da riassunto sloveno: B, D, E
12
Q
Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive amount of all of the following, except:
a. Pruning
b. Synaptogenesis
c. Apoptosis
d. Myelinization
A
D
13
Q
All are plausible theories on the etiology of schizophrenia, except:
a. Methylation of the DNA
b. Spontaneous mutations
c. Dopamine hypothesis
d. Genetic environmental interactions
A
B
14
Q
Evidence that schizophrenia is a biologic disorder includes the following, except
a. The difference in lateral ventricles in the twin study
b. Gliosis in the prefrontal cortex
c. Gray matter reduction in children-onset schizophrenia
d. Hypofrontality
A
B
15
Q
In schizophrenia the prefrontal cortex may be affected by
a. Excessive dopaminergic transmission
b. Increased number of oligodendrocytes
c. Malfunctions of GABAergic interneurons
d. Decreased number of pyramidal neurons
A
C
16
Q
All of the following is in consistent with the reduced neuropil hypothesis, except
(A) Decrease of oligodendrocyte population
(B) Limited spine formation on the dendrites
(C) Increased density of neurons (of the grey matter)
(D) The difference in lateral ventricle size in twin study
(E) Reduced neural cell size
A
A
17
Q
Common symptoms in typical depressive disorder are:
a. Depressed mood
b. Loss of interest and enjoyment
c. Reduced concentration and attention
d. Reduced energy leading to increased fatiguability and diminished activity
e. Reduced self esteem and self-confidence.
A
tutte
18
Q
Human right are based on the following principles:
a. Dignity
b. Honesty
c. Diligence
d. Equality
e. Independence
A
RISPOSTA: A, B, D, E
19
Q
A 25- year old man comes to the office because he has pain in his right hand. The nurse says the patient
was irritable and reluctant to answer many…. Questions, and he refused to collaborate during an
examination. On questioning, the patient is initially charming and glib, but after he is assured that the
informations he shares will not be relayed to his probation officer, he admits that he was involved in a
fight. He says proudly that “the other guy is in a lot wore shape”. This patient mostly has which of the
following psychiatric conditions?
a. Antisocial personality disorder
b. Bipolar disorder, hypomanic disorder
c. Conduct disorder
d. Oppositional deviant disorder
e. Paranoid personality disorder
A
A
20
Q
Forensic psychiatry
a. Is at intersection of judicial and health systems
b. Had its own philosophy
c. Deals with an understanding of the relationship between mental disorder and criminal activity
d. Examines the relationship between a particular mental disorder and criminal activity
e. Determines the amount of fines for person with mental disorders
A
RISPOSTA: A, C, D
SE SOLO 1 C
21
Q
What is the fear of enclosed spaces called?
a. claustrophobia
b. agoraphobia
c. misophobia
d. arachnophobia
e. xenophobia
A
A
22
Q
Attacks of severe fear with chest tightness, body tremors, sweating, tingling, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing and thoughts that death is imminent or that a person will lose control of their behavior or common sense are called
a. schizophrenia
b. depression
c. acute stress disorder
d. panic disorder
A
D
23
Q
- The following disorders are most often found in a patient with somatization disorder:
a. depression
b. abuse or dependence on benzodiazepines and painkillers x
c. learned impotence
d. anxiety disorder
e. all of the above
A
e
24
Q
Suicide risk is increased in all mental disorders. Which order is correct if we
classify mental disorders according to the threat from the one with the highest risk of the patient with this mental disorder to the one with the lowest:
a. depression, anorexia, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia
b. anorexia, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia depression
c. anorexia, depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia
d. depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia, anorexia
e. anorexia, substance abuse, personality disorder, depression, schizophrenia
A
Il sacro chatgpt indica la D, sia lode all’algoritmo
25
In the context of bipolar mood disorder, we distinguish the following phases
a. mania, hypomania, mixed image and depression
b. mania and depression
c. mania and hypomania
d. psychotic state
e. mania with or without psychotic symptoms, hypomania, mixed picture and mild, moderate or severe depression with or without psychotic symptoms
E
26
Bipolar mood disorder is slightly more common in
a. men
b women
c. children
d. the elderly
e. artists
B
27
Read the example and tell us what the disorder is: Tanja is 45 years old and has always been more worried. She takes care of her job, her children, her health. She is constantly tired and has a headache. She sleeps poorly and notices that she is increasingly distracted. Her stomach also hurts. She conducted investigations, but there is nothing wrong. She is quite disappointed with the doctors. She takes special care of the children she loves immensely. They are now 10 and 15 years old and want to do things their own way. They quarrel with her,
and she wants to help and protect them.
a. depression
b. insomnia
c. somatization disorder
d. generalized anxiety disorder
e. hypochondriac disorder
D (da file palermo)
28
In particular, in which areas do treatment and rehabilitation differ
a. consideration of clinical condition and diagnosis
b. cooperation with relatives and support
c. finding the causes and diagnosing
d. support and diagnosis
e. none of the above
C
29
It is considered an acute stress disorder
a) It is a temporarily disturbed mental balance of an individual, triggered by a stressful event
b) It can occur without a stressful event and is often chronic
c) It can happen to anyone and almost always leads to depression
d) It is a serious recurrent mental disorder associated with exposure to
stressors
e) It is due to excessive alcohol consumption and the impact of alcohol on the
body through stress
A
30
Natasha is 17 years old and has severe tremors when speaking in front of others. She learns everything, but when she has to speak in public, she gets stuck, her hands sweat, and instead of speaking, she sees herself experiencing embarrassment, failure, and failure. Last month, she was also upset at home if there were seminars or an oral test the next day at school . She shut herself in. He sleeps poorly at night. She finds it uncontrollable to overcome her fear. He watches with envy his classmates as they have no trepidation.
a. depression
b. social phobia
c. psychosis
d. acute stress disorder
e. post-traumatic stress disorder
B
31
Self-stigmatization is
a) Subjective process of accepting
capabilities and limitations
b) Acceptance of illness
c) Internalization of stigma
d) Care for illness
e)Non-acceptance in society
C
32
.People with mental disorders are less likely to seek help:
a) because they do not believe that
something is wrong with them
b) due to prejudice and discrimination
c) because they are less able to seek
help
d) because they have a bad lifestyle
e) they are less capable
communications
B
33
A 15-year-old girl came to the emergency room due to an arm injury accompanied by her mother. During the examination, the doctor detects pain in the upper arm, bruises, bruises are visible, and the X-ray does not show a fracture. During the examination, the young woman confides in him that the injuries caused by the quarrel were caused by her father. How will he act?
A) Advised cooling and exercise
B) He will get angry because he goes to the emergency room at three in the morning because of this.
C) Advised the mother to settle the situation with the father.
D) Report the event to the police or social work center and inform the mother and young woman that she
must report the event herself within 24 hours.
E) Complied with the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (ZPND).
F) Fill out a police report and will not tell the mother and adolescent about it as they would be upset at the
emergency room.
a) A, C
b) A, C, D
c) A, D, E
d) A, B, C
e) A, B, C, D, F
C
34
Formal disorders of thinking include:
a) perseverations
b) prevalent thoughts
c) obsessions
d) hustle and bustle
e) mental retardation
a) A, B, C, E
b) A, B, D
c) A, D, E
d) B, C, D
e) A, B, E
C
35
Antipsychotics include:
a) haloperidol
b) olanzapine/aripiprizole
c) sertraline
d) escitalopram
e) risperidone
a) A, D, E
b) A, B, E
c) A, C, D
e) A, B, C, D, E
e) B, E
B
36
The following shall apply to somatoform disorders:
a) somatization is a process in which psychological needs are expressed as
physical symptoms
b) patients with somatoform disorders often decide to see a doctor
c) fibromyalgia is considered a somatoform disorder
d) Hypochondriac disorder is present in 1% of all patients seeking help due to physical problems
e) somatoform disorders are treated with drugs only
a) B, C, D
b) A, B, C
c) A, B
e) A, D, E
e) A, B, D
c (solo A, B)
37
Mindfullness is a psychotherapeutic approach that:
1. has evidence-based efficacy in depression and anxiety
2. focuses on achieving ecstatic states
3. based on focused attention on one’s own experience
4. teaches how to carefully analyze hazards
5. it is based on careful reflection on each of your actions
a. A, C
b. A, B, C
c. C, D, E
d. A, C, E
e. D, E
A (A, C)
38
The following mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder:
a) diazepam
b) valproate
c) chlorpromazine
d) lorazepam
e) risperidone
B
39
Cognitive modulators that primarily act on the glutamatergic system include:
a. bupropion
b. memantine
c. quetiapine
d. galantamine
e. lorsilan
B
40
Common or trans-theoretical factors in psychotherapy include:
A. psychotherapeutic techniques
B. correction of cognitive distortions
C. therapeutic relationship
D. factors on the therapist's side
E. strengthening ego functions
a. B, E
b. A , C, D
c. B, C, D
d. A, C
e. B, D
B (A, C, D)
Da chatGPT:
The correct answer is (c) B, C, D.
Common or trans-theoretical factors refer to aspects of psychotherapy that are effective across different therapeutic approaches. These factors include correction of cognitive distortions (B), the therapeutic relationship (C), and factors on the therapist's side (D).
Psychotherapeutic techniques (A) may differ between therapeutic approaches and may not be effective in all cases. Strengthening ego functions (E) is a specific technique used in psychodynamic therapy, but it is not considered a common or trans-theoretical factor. Therefore, option (c) B, C, D is the correct answer.
41
Among the main paradigms or. theoretical approaches in psychotherapy include:
A. directive psychotherapy
B. hagiotherapy
C. transactional analysis
D. systemic family psychotherapy
E. psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Re: a. A, B, C
b. C, D, E
c. IF
d. B, D, E
e. D, E
E (D, E)
The correct answer is (d) B, D, E.
The main paradigms or theoretical approaches in psychotherapy include hagiotherapy (B), systemic family psychotherapy (D), and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (E). Hagiotherapy is a humanistic approach that focuses on finding meaning and purpose in life, whereas systemic family psychotherapy is based on the idea that problems within a family are best addressed by addressing the entire family system. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is based on the work of Sigmund Freud and aims to uncover unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions.
Directive psychotherapy (A) is not a specific theoretical approach but rather a term used to describe any therapy in which the therapist takes an active, directive role in guiding the therapy session. Transactional analysis (C) is a specific type of psychotherapy that focuses on communication and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, option (d) B, D, E is the correct answer.
42
Severe anxiety in a child
A. limits its holistic development
B. turns into a psychotic disorder
C. increases a child's dependence on adults
D. is a common feature of growing up
E. may reflect the anxiety of one of the adult family members
a. A, B, C, E
b. B, C, E
c. A, B; C; D, E.
d. A, C, E
d (A, C, E)
43
Self-stigmatization is
A. Lack of will
B. Excessive self-care
C. Internalization of prejudices
D. Decline in social functioning
E. Cause of poor performance
a. A, B, C, E
b. B, C, E
c. A, B; C; D, E.
d. A, C, E
e. C, E
d (A, C, E)
44
Personality disorders are divided into
a. self-centered, dissocial, and twisted personalities
b. dissocial and antisocial personalities
c. self-centered, dissocial, and autistic personalities
d. autistic and impulsive personalities
e. none of the above
A
45
What applies to addiction to psychotropic substances
a. The division into licit and illicit drugs is a medical classification
b. At least 5 signs of the syndrome in the last year must be present for diagnosis
c. Most addicted patients have a poor long- term prognosis
d. It is a combination of neurobiological brain changes and maladaptive behavior
e. none of the above
D
46
Admission to a psychiatric hospital for treatment in a ward under special supervision without the
patient's consent is permitted when:
a. all the conditions of the Patient's Rights Act are met
b. the patient's life is endangered
c. the patient causes greater material damage and this is due to a mental disorder
d. all the conditions of the Criminal Code are met
e. all the conditions of the Mental Health Act are met
E
47
How can we help a child with a chronic illness to achieve developmental tasks?
a. by treating exacerbations
b. with maintenance treatment
c. by complying with the Orientation of Children with Special Needs Act
d. with family therapy and with social skills training
e. with all of the above
E
48
Benzodiazepines are classified
a. biperiden and haloperidol
b. quetiapine and diazepam
c. lorazepam and oxazepam
d. memantine and lorazepam
e. mirtazapine and lorazepam
C
49
The suicide rate in Slovenia is:
A) higher in men
B) higher in women
C) higher in the Eastern Cohesion Region
D) higher in the Western Cohesion Region
E) higher in higher age groups
a. A, B, C
b. C, D, E
c. A, C, E
d. B, D, E
e. D, E
C
50
Common or trans-theoretical factors in psychotherapy include:
a. psychotherapeutic techniques
b. correction of cognitive distortions
c. therapeutic relationship
d. factors on the therapist’s side
e. strengthening ego functions
a. B, E
b. A, C, D
c. B, C, D
d. A, C
e. B, D
b (A, C, D)
The correct answer is (c) B, C, D.
Common or trans-theoretical factors refer to aspects of psychotherapy that are effective across different therapeutic approaches. These factors include correction of cognitive distortions (B), the therapeutic relationship (C), and factors on the therapist's side (D). Psychotherapeutic techniques (A) may differ between therapeutic approaches and may not be effective in all cases. Strengthening ego functions (E) is a specific technique used in psychodynamic therapy, but it is not considered a common or trans-theoretical factor. Therefore, option (c) B, C, D is the correct answer.
51
Donepezil is used to treat:
a. Schizoaffective disorders
b. Generalized anxiety disorder
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Dementia in Alzheimer's disease
e. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D
52
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder consists of:
a) Taking anxiolytics, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning to relax
b) Counseling, taking antipsychotics and rehabilitation
c) Counseling, taking painkillers, analytical psychotherapy and walks
d) Taking antidepressants and antipsychotics, hospital treatment and learning to relax
e) Counseling, taking antidepressants, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning to
relax
E
53
Antidepressants are used for
treatment:
a)Generalized Anxiety Disorders,
Depression, Obsessive-compulsive
disorder compulsive disorders
b) Psychosis, Generalized anxiety
disorders, Depression
c) Generalized anxiety disorder,
Depression
d) Depression
e) Dementia, depression
A
54
Treatment in a forensic psychiatry unit is intended for:
a. victims of crime
b. persons with the imposed measure of compulsory hospital treatment
c. persons who have been violent in other wards of a psychiatric hospital
d. persons wishing to serve a prison sentence in a hospital instead of in prison
e. have refused treatment for a mental disorder
B
55
Bipolar mood disorder is
a) One of fronto-temporal dementias
b) Mild but recurrent mental disorder
c) Mental disorder with a high risk of suicidal behavior and at the same time a mentaldisorder, which is often accompanied by another mental disorder
d) Synonymous with schizoaffective disorder
e) A mental disorder that mostly resolves spontaneously
C
56
In a patient with schizophrenia, one would expect from a healthy person:
a. excessive increase in metabolic activity of the prefrontal cortex in solving mental problems
b. insufficient increase in metabolic activity of the anterior cortex in solving mental problems
c. decreased metabolic activity of basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen,accumbens)
d. increased dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
e. decreased dopamine release in the basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen,accumbens)
B
57
In a patient with schizophrenia, the first symptoms of the disease would be expected:
a) decreased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
b) increased density of neuronal neurons of the cerebral cortex
c) increased connectivity between cortical neurons
d) increased number of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex
e) increased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
E
58
A 15-year-old girl came to the emergency room due to an arm injury accompanied by her mother. During the examination, the doctor detects pain in the upper arm, bruises, bruises are visible, and the X-ray does not show a fracture. During the examination, the young woman confides in him that herfather caused injuries during the quarrel. How will he act?
A) Advised cooling and exercise
B) He will get angry because he goes to the emergency room at three in the morning because of this.
C) Advised the mother to settle the situation with the father.
D) Report the event to the police or social work center and inform the mother and young woman that she must report the event herself within 24 hours.
E) Complied with the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (ZPND).
F) Fill out a police report and will not tell the mother and teenager about it as they
would be upset at the emergency room.
a) A, C
b) A, C, D
c) A, D, E
d) A, B, C
e) A, B, C, D, F
c (A, D, E)
59
Acute inhibition of glutamate NMDA receptors (eg due to the action of phencyclidine,
ketamine), can
a) mimics the signs of hypofrontality
b) alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia
c) mimics the signs of acute schizophrenia
d) causes decreased activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system
e) causes decreased dopamine release in the striatum (NO)
C
60
Agomelatine is an antagonist of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and causes resynchronization of circadian rhythms. Agomelatine has no effect on monoamine transporters.
a) Both statements are correct.
b) The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect.
c) The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct.
d) Both statements are incorrect.
e) None of the above
C
61
Hypofrontality, as an indicator of prefrontal lobe dysfunction, is associated by some with
a) decreased dopamine transfer in the basal ganglia
b) increased activity of the subtype of GABA-ergic interneurons in the frontal cortex
c) accelerated dopamine transfer in the frontal cortex
d) abnormal functioning of the medial part of the temporal lobe; and
temporofrontal connections.
e) Decreased density of neurons in the frontal cortex
A (file Padova) e chatgpt
E (?)
62
The estimated prevalence of mental disorders in Slovenia is:
a) between 5 and 10%
b) between 10 and 15%
c) between 15 and 20%
d) between 20 and 25%
e) between 25 and 30%
B o C
C da chatgpt
63
The estimated prevalence of mental disorders in Slovenia is:
a) between 5 and 10%
b) between 10 and 15%
c) between 15 and 20%
d) between 20 and 25%
e) between 25 and 30%
B o C
64
According to DSM 5 the two types of schizoaffective disorder — both of which include some symptoms of schizophrenia —are:
(A) Bipolar type and Depressive type,
(B) Unipolar and Bipolar type
(C) Schizophrenic and Depressive type
(D)Manic and Unipolar type
(E) None of the above
A
65
Which of the listed IS NOT a criterion for alcohol dependence:
(A)Tolerance
(B) Number of drinks in a week
(C)Continued drinking despite physical and mental health problems
(D)More time spent on addiction related activities
(E) Withdrawal
B
66
The resident on call decides to start the patient on medication to control the disease. The patient refuses the medication, stating that she has taken it in the past and it causes her to be constantly thirsty and break out in pimples and makes her food taste funny. Which of the following medications is being discussed?
(A)Valproic acid
(B) Haloperidol
(C)Carbamazepine
(D)Lithium
(E) Sertraline
D
67
Typical antipsychotics inhibit dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system and striatum. They cause motor disorders and are more effective in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
a)The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
b) The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
c) Both statements are correct
d) Both statements are incorrect
e) None of the above
A (da padova)
C (chatgpt)
68
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be linked with:
(A)Dopaminergic hyperactivity within the dorsal/ventral striatum
(B) Dopaminergic hypoactivity within the dorsal/ventral striatum
(C) Dopaminergic hyperactivity within the prefrontal cortex
(D)Dopaminergic hypoactivity within the prefrontal cortex
(E) Dopaminergic hyperactivity within the hypothalamus
D
69
Community mental health is predominantly:
(A) service organization
(B) state policy
(C) community psychiatric teams
(D) needs assessment method
(E) community psychiatric interventions
E
A da chatgpt
70
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be linked to:
(A)Excessive dopamine release within the prefrontal cortex
(B) Excessive dopamine release within the dorsal and ventral striatum
(C) Diminished dopamine release within the dorsal and ventral striatum
(D)Diminished dopamine release within the prefrontal cortex
(E) Degeneration of dopaminergic terminals within the prefrontal cortex
B
71
Blockade of dopaminergic transmission is effective symptomatic antipsychotic
treatment of
(A)Negative symptoms
(B)Cognitive symptoms
(C) Positive symptoms
(D)Hypofrontality
(E) Anhedonia
C
72
A student is attracted to a female teacher. Without objective evidence, a doctor
overhears the boy state, “I know she wants me.” This statement reflects which defense
mechanism?
(A) Displacement
(B) Projection
(C) Rationalization
(D) Sublimationent
(E) None of the above
B
73
Istanbul Protocol
(A) is a guide to prove the evidences of physical or psychical torture
(B) is a guide to prove the evidences of only psychical torture
(C) determines the amount of penalties for persons who carry out torture
(D) refers to the prohibition of violence against women
(E) allows the application against torturers
A
74
During developing Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome the patient most likely exhibits:
(A) suicidal ideation
(B) mood swings
(C) short term memory loss and disorientation
(D) aggression and impulsiveness
(E) none of the above
C
75
Stress-related mental disorder are:
(A)general anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorder
(B) general anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and social phobia
(C) adjustment disorder, acute stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder
(D)posttraumatic stress disorder, social phobia and general anxiety disorder
(E) social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorder
C
76
Forensic Psychiatry
(A) is at the intersection of judicial and penalty systems
(B) has its own international classification of mental disorders
(C) deals with an understanding of the relationship between mental disorder and criminal activity
(D) determines the amount of fines for persons with mental disorder
(E) all of the above
C
77
A 32 - year -old woman is brought to the emergency room by police after she was found standing in the middle of busy highway, naked, commanding the traffic to stop. In the emergency room she is agitated and restless, with pressured speech and affect that alternates between euphoric and irritable. Her father is contacted and states that this kind of behaviour runs in the family. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A)Delirium
(B)Bipolar disorder, manic
(C)Bipolar disorder, mixed state
(D)Cyclothymia
(E) Schizophrenia
B
78
Please mark the correct answers:
(A)the term ‘designer drugs’ had been traditionally used to identify synthetic substances
(B) the term “designer drugs” has recently been broadened to include other psychoactive substances that mimic the effects of illicit drugs
(C) new psychoactive substances (NPS) are mostly natural products
(D)new psychoactive substances (NPS) are produced by introducing slight modifications to the chemical structure of controlled substances to circumvent drug controls
(E) all the answers are correct
Se chiede combinazione A, B, D
Se va messa solo 1 direi E
79
Delusional disorder is characterised by:
a)Cognitive functions are usually preserved
b)Visuals of the disease is preserved
c)Prevalence is 100 per 100,000 inhabitants
d)There is a good response to antipsychotics
e)In the clinical picture, detectable disorders
a)A, B, C, D, E
b)A, B, C
c)A
d)A, C
e)A, C, E
c (A)
Chatgpt: A, C
80
Tardive dyskinesia is a motor disorder
that occurs acutely when you start
taking typical ones
antipsychotics. It is irreversible
disorder and does not disappear
after stopping the antipsychotic.
a)The first statement is correct,
the second statement is
incorrect
b) The first statement is incorrect,
the second statement is correct
c) Both statements are correct Both
d) Both statements are incorrect
e) None of the above
B
The first statement is incorrect and the second statement is correct. Tardive dyskinesia is a motor disorder that typically develops after prolonged use of certain antipsychotic medications, especially the older, typical ones. It can persist even after stopping the medication and is often irreversible. So, the correct option is (b) The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct.
81
Antidepressants are used to treat:
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
b) Psychosis, Generalized Anxiety Disorders, Depression
c) Generalized Anxiety Disorders, Depression
d) Depression
e) Dementia, depression
A
82
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder consists of:
a) Taking anxiolytics, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning to relax
b) Counseling, antipsychotic use and rehabilitation
c) Counseling, painkillers, analytical psychotherapy and walks
d) Taking antidepressants and antipsychotics, hospital treatment and learning release
e) Counseling, taking antidepressants, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and learning release (how to relax)
E
83
In a patient with schizophrenia, the first symptoms of the disease would be expected:
a) decreased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
b) increased density of neuronal neurons of the cerebral cortex
c) increased connectivity between cortical neurons
d) increased number of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex
e) increased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex
E
84
According to a healthy person, a patient with schizophrenia would expect:
a. excessive increase in metabolic activity of the prefrontal cortex in solving mental problems
b. insufficient increase in metabolic activity of the anterior cortex in solving mental problems
c. decreased metabolic activity of basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen, accumbens)
d. increased dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
e. decreased dopamine release in the basal subcortical nuclei (caudatus-putamen, accumbens)
B
85
Psychological abuse of a child
a. it occurs only in socially, materially and educationally disadvantaged families
b. it can also be expressed through excessive protective behavior of parents
c. is always associated with corporal punishment
d. it is also clearly visible from the outside
e. it is performed only by parents with a mental disorder
B
86
In obsessive compulsive disorder, patients report:
a. Delusions and hallucinations
b. Intense images, impulses and thoughts that are constantly imposed on them
c. Flash back experiences
d. Prevalent ideas
e. Derealizations and depersonalizations
B
87
Forensic Psychiatric expert
a. can be any doctor with specialist exam in psychiatry without other condition
b. must, in addition to the specialist examination in psychiatry, pass a test of knowledge of legal regulations relevant to expert work
c. Must graduate from the Faculty of Medicine and Law
d. Must have experience of serving a prison sentence
e. Must have passed the detective exam
B
88
Antidepressants are classified
a. sertraline, haloperidol, venlafaxine
b. venlafaxine, paloperidone, sulpiride
c. citalopram, sertraline, duloxetine
d. duloxetine, diazepam, galantamine
e. sertraline, venlafaxine, donepezil
C
89
A child with tiki needs it:
a. continuous and systematic observation
b. Drug with anxiolytic effect
c. relaxed environment
d. Enough physical and social activities
c. a very structured way of life
D indicata anche C
catGPT indica tutte giuste
90
What applies to addiction to psychotropic substances
a. The division into licit and illicit drugs is a medical classification
b. At least 5 signs of the syndrome in the last year must be present for diagnosis
c. Most addicted patients have a poor long-term prognosis
d. It is a combination of neurobiological brain changes and inappropriate behavior
e. None of the above
D
91
Treatment without the patient's consent is possible when (3):
a. the patient's life is endangered
b. the lives of other people are endangered
c. the patient causes greater material damage; and this is the consequence
d. mental disorders
e. only organic mental disorders
A, B, C
92
Disorder that results in a patient being treated in a closed psychiatric ward without consent: (2)
a. We only treat psychosis.
b. The disorder / disease can be long-lasting.
c. Man causes material damage because of it.
d. It causes a person to lose touch with reality.
e. A person endangers his life or that of other people.
C, E
93
Dissociative amnesia is characterized by:
a. amnesia usually focuses on traumatic events
b. is usually partial
c. is usually selective
d. is usually perfect
e. is tied to childhood trauma
A, C, E
chatgpt indica A,B,C
a. Amnesia usually focuses on traumatic events: This is correct. Dissociative amnesia is typically characterized by an inability to remember important personal information, often related to traumatic or stressful events.
b. Is usually partial: This is also correct. The amnesia can be partial or complete, and may affect specific memories or periods of time.
c. Is usually selective: This is correct. The amnesia is often selective, meaning that certain memories are retained while others are lost.
d. Is usually perfect: This is incorrect. Dissociative amnesia is not usually perfect, as it involves forgetting important information.
e. Is tied to childhood trauma: While dissociative amnesia can be tied to childhood trauma, it can also be linked to other types of trauma or stressful events, and can occur at any age.
94
Patients who believe that their rights have beenviolated during treatment in the wards of a psychiatric institution are obliged by law to help:
a. director of a health facility
b. the person responsible for accepting and dealing with the request at the first hearing of the
violation of patients' rights
c. patient rights representatives
d. representatives of the rights of persons in the field of mental health
e. Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia
f. all of the above
F all of the above
chatgpt dice D
95
For the anamnestic syndrome, the following abilities are considered to be impaired in patients:
a. movement
b. memory
c. perceptions
d. understanding
e. computational skills
B
96
The most common causes of dementia are: (2)
a. Parkinson's disease
b. Alzheimer's disease
c. cerebrovascular disease (vascular)
d. hypothyroidism
e. none of the above
B, C
97
Suicidal patients are most at risk for patients with bipolar disorder who currently have:
a. remission
b. hypomanic episode
c. manic episode
d. mixed episode
e. severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
D
Mixed hanno sia mania (intesa come impulsività) che depressione, sono quindi a più alto rischio per il suicidio sgroda
98
Content disorders of thinking include: (2)
a. delusions
b. mental zippers
c. neologisms
d. pervasive ideas
e. acoustic hallucinations
A, D
tutte tranne mental Zipper da chatgpt
99
Content delusions include: (3)
a. mystical-religious
b. forced
c. majestic
d. dementia
e. persecutory-application
A, C, E
100
The principles of psychiatric rehabilitation include: (3)
a. intensive treatment
b. cooperation with other services
c. work with family
d. prompt completion of treatment and referral to social services
e. tailored treatment
B, C, E
101
The psychiatric report consists of: (2)
a. assessment of mental state
b. laboratory blood test
c. psychiatric history
d. EEG and CT heads
e. description of the patient's personality
A, C
102
Antipsychotics include:
a) amisulpride
b) fluphenazine
c) rivastigmine
e) gabapentin
e) nzapin
a) A, D, E
b) A, B, E
c) A, C, D
e) A, B, C, D, E
e) B, E
b (A, B, E)
103
Galantamine is used to treat:
a. Schizoaffective disorders
b. Generalized anxiety disorder
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Dementia in Alzheimer's disease
e. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D
104
Cognitive modulators that also have a significant effect on butyrylcholinesterase include:
a. buprenorphine
b. chlorpromazine
c. quetiapine
d. donepezil
e. no answer is correct
D
105
Eideticism is:
a. one of the subtypes of idiocy
b. perception disorder
c. high memory ability shown as a rule by children and not part of psychopathology
d. one of the sleep disorders
e. none of the above
C
106
Hustle and bustle :
a. belongs to the content disorders of thinking (formal disorders of thinking)
b. is a slowdown in thinking (speed up thinking and consequently speed up speech)
c. are optical hallucinations by displaying clusters of rope
d. defines a stream of thought that flows so fast that thought overtakes thought
e. it is characteristic of manic states
D
107
Dizziness ( obnubilation ) is one of:
a. attention disorders
b. qualitative disorders of thought
c. quantitative disturbances of consciousness
d. qualitative disturbances of consciousness
e. among qualitative memory disorders
C
108
Darkness is one of: (blurring)
a. qualitative disturbances of consciousness
b. attention disorders
c. qualitative disorders of thought
d. quantitative disturbances of consciousness
e. among qualitative memory disorders
A
109
Paratymia is:
a. disorder of will
b. emotional disturbance
c. an inappropriate, real-word emotional response to a particular event
d. disturbance of consciousness
e. sleep disorder
C (disorders of emotion)
110
Cataplexy:
a. Is a subspecies of catatonia
b. It is a sudden short-term loss of muscle tone with strong emotions
c. it occurs exclusively in schizophrenia
d. It is a pervasive disorder
e. It is the opposite of situation and therefore inappropriate facial expressions and gestures
B
111
Disorders of thinking include: (2)
a. forced thoughts
b. content disorders of thinking
c. formal disorders of thought
d. primitive thinking
e. forced thoughts
B, C
112
Parasuicidal pause:
a. When a man informs his surroundings that he intends to take his own life but has not yet taken action
b. an escape from the torturous reality into sleep with an overdose of sedatives
c. one of the forms of suicidal behavior
d. harmless
e. it is classified as a sleep disorder
B
The term "parasuicidal pause" is typically used to refer to a period of time after a suicide attempt during which the individual may experience a reduction in suicidal ideation or behavior. During this period, the individual may be more open to seeking help and engaging in treatment. So option "D" might be correct
113
Confabulations include
a. quantitative memory impairment
b. qualitative memory impairment
c. they are not classified as memory disorders
d. hypermnestic memory disorders
e. hypomnestic memory disorders
B
114
Depersonalizations are divided into:
a. autonomous
b. autopsychic , allopsychic, and somatopsychic
c. confabulation and hallucinations of memory
d. somatization and illusion
e. optical and auditory
B
Autonomous depersonalization: This is a type of depersonalization in which a person feels disconnected from themselves and their surroundings. They may feel as though they are watching themselves from outside their own body.
Autopsychic depersonalization: This type of depersonalization involves a sense of unreality or detachment from one's own thoughts, emotions, and sensations. People with autopsychic depersonalization may feel as though they are in a dream-like state.
Allopsychic depersonalization: This type of depersonalization involves a sense of detachment from the external world. People with allopsychic depersonalization may feel as though their environment is unreal or distorted.
Somatopsychic depersonalization: This type of depersonalization involves a sense of detachment from one's own body. People with somatopsychic depersonalization may feel as though their body is not their own or that their body parts are disconnected from one another.
115
Representation disorders include: (2)
a. phenomenon deja vu
b. jamais vu phenomenon
c. optical hallucinations
d. memory hallucination
e. disturbances of attention and concentration
A, B
The representation disorders include the phenomenon deja vu and jamais vu phenomenon.
Deja vu is a feeling of familiarity or recognition of a situation or environment that is actually new or unfamiliar. This can be a symptom of certain neurological or psychiatric conditions.
Jamais vu is the opposite of deja vu, where a person experiences a feeling of unfamiliarity or strangeness towards a situation or environment that should be familiar. It is less common than deja vu and can also be a symptom of certain neurological or psychiatric conditions.
116
A 37-year-old man comes to the office after he experienced what he says was a nervous
breakdown. The patient says that after he recently declared bankruptcy, losing his home and his
business, he became very depressed. During this time, he began to hear voices telling him that
he was useless and should kill himself. The patient says his symptoms stopped after approximately one week. He has had no similar episodes. Medical history includes no psychiatric conditions. Physical examination shows no abnormalities, and results of laboratory studies are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Borderline personality disorder
(B) Brief psychotic disorder
(C) Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
(D) Schizophrenia
(E) Schizophreniform disorder
B
117
A 48-year-old man comes to the office for annual physical examination. The patient has smoked
one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years and says he wants to quit. He has tried to quit
several times, but every time he does, he has depressed mood, difficulty sleeping, anxiety,restlessness, and increased appetite. The patient says these symptoms are so severe that he is unable to function well at work. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy to aid in smoking cessation for this patient?
(A) Alprazolam
(B) Diazepam
(C) Nicotine transdermal patches
(D) Nicotinic acid
(E) Varenicline
C
118
A 55-year-old woman comes to the office because she has a 20-year history of repetitive actions
and is tired of wasting time by repeating these actions. The patient says she repeatedly checks
the doors in her house to make sure they are locked, washes her hands several times per hour,
and checks her electrical appliances three times each morning before she leaves for work.
Medical history includes second-degree atrioventricular block. Which of the following
medications is the most appropriate initial therapy for this patient's psychiatric disorder?
(A) Clomipramine
(B) Clonazepam
(C) Methylphenidate
(D) Quetiapine
(E) Sertraline
E
119
A 42-year-old man is referred to the office for mental health evaluation. The patient says he has
a long-standing fear of criticism and rejection. He also has feelings of inadequacy and refuses to
try new activities because of his fear of embarrassment. The patient has held the same entrylevel position at his workplace for the past 14 years despite several opportunities for promotion.
The patient is unmarried and has only had one intimate relationship, which lasted only a few
weeks. He has few friends other than those in his model airplane club. Which of the following
personality disorders is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Avoidant
(B) Dependent
(C) Paranoid
(D) Schizoid
(E) Schizotypal
A
120
A 23-year-old man comes to the office because he has pain in his right hand. The nurse says the patient was irritable and reluctant to answer many intake questions, and he refused to put on an examination gown. On questioning, the patient is initially charming and glib, but after he is assured that the information he shares will not be relayed to his probation officer, he admits that he was involved in a fistfight. He says proudly that "the other guy is in a lot worse shape." This patient most likely has which of the following psychiatric conditions?
(A) Antisocial personality disorder
(B) Bipolar disorder, most recent episode hypomanic
(C) Conduct disorder
(D) Oppositional defiant disorder
(E) Paranoid personality disorder
A
121
A 46-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because he has been having visual hallucinations for the past four hours. The patient's wife says he has had diarrhea, agitation, and confusion for the past two days. Two weeks ago, he was fired from his job because of excessive absences. He has been unable to find a new job and has been asking his friends for money for several days. The patient has a 25-year history of drinking one pint of whiskey daily. Temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse rate is 126/min, and blood pressure is 162/102 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management of this patient's condition?
(A) Admission to the hospital for monitoring and social services evaluation
(B) Discharge and referral to an outpatient alcohol treatment center
(C) Intramuscular injection of haloperidol and discharge
(D) Intravenous infusion of ethyl alcohol and discharge
(E) Oral administration of chlordiazepoxide and admission to the hospital
E
Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine medication that is commonly used to treat anxiety and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It works by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Chlordiazepoxide is usually taken orally in the form of capsules or tablets. It can be habit-forming and should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Common side effects of chlordiazepoxide include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion.
122
A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after police were called to her home by a neighbor, who witnessed rape and robbery by two intruders. The patient is fully alert and oriented to person, place, and time. She cannot remember anything about the incident. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this finding?
(A) Depersonalization/derealization disorder (depersonalization disorder)
(B) Dissociative amnesia
(C) Fugue state
(D) Traumatic brain injury
(E) Volitional memory loss
B
123
A 26-year-old man with a history of involuntary eye blinking and snorting comes to the office because he is distressed about increasing frequency of these tics over the past six months. The patient says the episodes currently occur numerous times during the day. Medical history includes development of eye blinking at 12 years of age and development of snorting at 16years
of age. Psychotherapy and exercises initially reduced the frequency of these episodes. Because the patient is embarrassed by his tics, his performance at work has decreased and he now declines most invitations to social gatherings. Which of the following medications is the most appropriate therapy for this patient?
(A) Carbamazepine
(B) Fluvoxamine
(C) Methylphenidate
(D) Risperidone
(E) Venlafaxine
D
The most appropriate therapy for this patient with tics would be (D) Risperidone, which is an atypical antipsychotic medication that can be used to reduce the frequency and severity of tics in patients with Tourette's disorder or other tic disorders. Other medications used for tic disorders include antipsychotics such as haloperidol or pimozide, as well as alpha-2 agonists like clonidine and guanfacine. However, in this case, risperidone would be the most appropriate choice as it has been shown to be effective for reducing tics and has a lower risk of side effects compared to other antipsychotics. Psychotherapy and behavioral therapy can also be helpful in managing tic disorders.
124
A 19-year-old college student comes to the health clinic for evaluation because she has been purging food during the past semester. The patient appears well developed and well nourished. Physical examination shows mild enlargement of the parotid glands. In addition to complete blood cell count and urinalysis, measurement of which of the following levels is most appropriate?
(A) Fasting blood glucose
(B) Serum amylase
(C) Serum electrolytes
(D) Serum liver enzymes
(E) Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone
C
This question tests the examinee’s ability to determine the most appropriate laboratory study
considering the salient points in the patient’s history. The correct answer is Option (C), serum
electrolytes. Patients who purge are at increased risk for hypokalemia and/or hypochloremic
alkalosis because of vomiting. The most appropriate laboratory study to test for these conditions
is measurement of serum electrolyte levels
125
A 5-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother because she is worried about changes in his behavior during the past few months. The patient's mother says he has had episodes that occur sporadically at night during which he sits up in bed screaming, crying incoherently, and intensely frightened. She says it is initially difficult to calm him down, and he is usually sweating, breathing rapidly, and tremulous. The patient eventually calms down after 10 to 15 minutes and then falls asleep. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to confirm the suspected diagnosis of sleep terror disorder in this patient?
(A) Do his arms and legs jerk during sleep?
(B) Does he have nightmares?
(C) Does he to go to sleep late?
(D) Does he watch violent movies?
(E) Does he wet the bed?
B
126
In which mental disorder does mania occur?
a) schizophrenia
b) dementia
c) depression
d) alcohol dependence
e) bipolar mood disorder
E
127
What is anhedonia?
a) Anhedonia is an inability the individual to perceive his own emotions
b) Anhedonia is a characteristic of a person who is insecure and has a poor self-image
c) anhedonia is a symptom of psychosis
d) anhedonia is the inability to rejoice, the inability to enjoy pleasant events that were once a person's pleasure and if it lasts more than 14 days is one of the key symptoms of depression
e) anhedonia occurs as a result of substance abuse
D
128
How is the mental health of the population related to economic indicators:
a) the mental health of the population
improves during a crisis because people use healthy defenses;
b) the mental state of the population does not change according to the financial situation of the country
c)the frequency of schizophrenia increases during a crisis
d)the mental state of the population deteriorates in economic crises
e) None of the above
D
129
Tremor is a colloquial term for the next anxiety disorder
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) social phobia
d) agoraphobia
e) obsessive compulsive disorder
C (file di palermo)
130
Community treatment of persons with mental disorders is provided
A. psychiatric working groups
B. community hearing coordinators
C. social welfare rehabilitation programs
D. psychotherapeutic services
a. A, C
b. A, B, C
c. C, D, E
d. A, C, E
e. D, E
c. C, D, E
Manca la E, non trovata in nessun file
ChatGPT: Answer: A, C, D
Community treatment of persons with mental disorders is provided through
A. psychiatric working groups,
C. social welfare rehabilitation programs,
and D. psychotherapeutic services.
Therefore, the correct option is (d) A, C, D.
131
The following mental disorders are most commonly associated with generalized anxiety disorder:
a) panic disorder, depression, substance
abuse, personality disorders, bipolar
disorder
b) in the case of generalized anxiety disorder, there are no concomitant mental disorders, because
c) depression, substance abuse, personality disorder, bipolar disorder
d) panic disorder, depression, substance abuse, personality disturbances
e) schizophrenia
D
132
Choose the correct statement.
a) Escitalopram is a selective inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine uptake. Its use in pregnancy it is contraindicated.
b) Duloxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and noradrenaline. May cause nausea and vomiting
c) Escitalopram causes diarrhea and tachycardia
d) Duloxetine causes orthostatic hypotension and weight gain
e) None of the above
B
The correct answer is:
b) Duloxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and noradrenaline. May cause nausea and vomiting.
The other statements are incorrect. Escitalopram is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, not both serotonin and norepinephrine. Its use in pregnancy is generally considered safe, although it should be used with caution in the third trimester. Escitalopram does not typically cause diarrhea and tachycardia. Duloxetine may cause orthostatic hypotension and weight gain, but these are not the most common side effects.
133
Amitriptyline and imipramine with high affinity inhibit adrenergic alpha1 receptors. Amitriptyline and imipramine may cause tachycardia.
a)The first and second statements are correct and interrelated.
b) The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
c) The first and second statements are correct. There is no connection between them.
d) The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
e) None of the above
a) The first and second statements are correct and interrelated.
Amitriptyline and imipramine are both tricyclic antidepressants that work by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, which increases the availability of these neurotransmitters in the brain.
However, these drugs also have affinity for other receptors in the body, including adrenergic alpha1 receptors. When these drugs bind to these receptors, they can cause activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which can cause tachycardia.
Therefore, the first statement, that Amitriptyline and imipramine with high affinity inhibit adrenergic alpha1 receptors, is correct, and the second statement, that Amitriptyline and imipramine may cause tachycardia, is also correct and related to the first statement.
134
The following shall apply to haloperidol:
a) is an atypical antipsychotic that inhibits
dopamine D2 receptors by higher affinity than serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
b) causes extrapyramidal motor disorders and rarely sedation
c) due to binding to muscarinic receptors often causes constipation and only exceptionally extrapyramidal motor disturbances
d) can cause unwanted metabolic effects such as hypoglycaemia and reduction VLDL
e) None of the above
B
135
The following shall apply to olanzapine:
a) is an atypical antipsychotic that inhibits dopamine D2 receptors by higher affinity than serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
b) stimulates serotonin receptors 5-HT6
c) inhibits muscarinic receptors, therefore, it may cause constipation and rarely paralytic ileus
d) may cause metabolic adverse reactions such as hyperlipidemia and hypoglycaemia
e) None of the above
A, C,
a) is an atypical antipsychotic that inhibits dopamine D2 receptors by higher affinity than serotonin 5-HT2 receptors is correct.
b) stimulates serotonin receptors 5-HT6 is incorrect. Olanzapine is known to have antagonistic effects on 5-HT6 receptors, not stimulatory effects.
c) inhibits muscarinic receptors, therefore, it may cause constipation and rarely paralytic ileus is correct. Olanzapine can cause anticholinergic effects due to its inhibition of muscarinic receptors, which can result in constipation and, rarely, paralytic ileus.
d) may cause metabolic adverse reactions such as hyperlipidemia and HYPERGLICEMIA. Olanzapine is associated with an increased risk of metabolic side effects, including hyperlipidemia, weight gain, and insulin resistance, which can lead to hypoglycemia.
Therefore, the correct answers are a, c
136
Common symptoms in typical depressive disorder are:
a. Depressed mood
b. Loss of interest and enjoyment
c. Reduced concentration and attention
d. Reduced energy leading to increased fatiguability and diminished activity
e. Reduced self esteem and self-confidence
f. all of the above
F
137
Human right are based on the following principles: (4)
a. Dignity
b. Honesty
c. Diligence
d. Equality
e. Independence
A, B, D, E
138
Socio-related mental disorders are:
a. General anxiety disorder
b. adjustment disorder
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Social phobia
e. Acute stress reaction.
C
chatgpt indica tutte corrette
139
Mark quantitative memory disorders:
a. Paramnesias
b. Allomnesia
c. Hypoamnesia
d. Confabulations
e. None of the above
C
140
Capgras syndrome
a. Feeling they're talking about you
b. A person close to the patient is replaced by a duplicate
c. The feeling of being constantly followed
d. Identifying acquaintances in strangers
B
141
About communication, correct statements: (2)
a. we may not communicate
b. one person is enough for communication
c. in communication, in addition to information, we also learn about the relationship between persons
d. we use only objective data from the patient
e. cotransfer
C, D
142
Assessment of mental status (status praesens) does NOT include:
a. opinion
b. mood and emotion
c. consciousness and orientation
d. traumatic events
e. insight
D
143
The most common mental disorders are:
a. Schizophrenia and psychosis
b. Addictions
c. Anxiety and depression
d. Dementia
e. eating disorders
C
144
In a report of a subject's mental state is one description of: (p. 54) (3)
a. intellectual abilities
b. main indications from the anamnesis
c. perceptions
d. memory abilities
e. previously made diagnoses
A, C, D
145
Deliriously scale consciousness (p. 105) (2)
a. occurs exclusively on withdrawal from psychoactive substances
b. occurs in various mental disorders
c. qualitative
d. quantitative
e. mixed disturbances of consciousness
B, C
146
Child sexual abuse
a. it is most often abused by peers
b. it is most often abused by strangers
c. It is most often abused by adult family members
d. to abusers, the mental disorder is quickly noticed
e. have criminal acts in the past
C
147
Behavioral disorders:
a. When they grow up, they can venture into criminal waters
b. Many are aggressive, cruel
c. They predict a personality disorder
d. Due to brain damage, an organic cause
e. This is often what dishonest people have
A, B, C, D
148
Depression in a child: (3)
a. is expressed in the same way as in adults
b. we do not diagnose it until adole scene
c. symptom i characteristic of the developmental period
d. it is expressed by behavioral, woody, and emotional symptoms
e. it is manifested by an increased dependence on people to show them a sense of security
C, D, E
c. Symptoms are characteristic of the developmental period. Depression in children may present differently than in adults, as children may not have the same ability to express their feelings or may not have the same cognitive and emotional development as adults. Therefore, the symptoms of depression in children may be different than those in adults and may be more specific to the developmental period.
d. It is expressed by behavioral, mood, and emotional symptoms. Depression in children can manifest through various symptoms, including changes in appetite or sleep patterns, irritability or anger, decreased interest in activities, low self-esteem, and sadness.
e. It may be manifested by an increased dependence on people to show them a sense of security. Children with depression may seek more support and reassurance from caregivers, and they may have an increased fear of separation from their caregivers.
Option a is incorrect because depression in children may present differently than in adults, and children may not have the same capacity to express their feelings as adults.
Option b is incorrect because depression can be diagnosed in children, and early detection and intervention are crucial for managing the condition and improving the child's outcome.
149
Depression in old age is not characterized by:
a. deep sadness
b. many physical problems
c. memory problems
d. apathy
e. suicidal threat
A
150
Depression in the elderly includes: (5)
a. they do not complain of physical problems
b. they often complain about physical problems
c. apathetic
d. often anxious, sad, more often have memory problems
e. they may act emotionally unaffected
f. they are not suicidal
g. are suicidal
B, C, D, E, G
151
The following applies to dementia in the elderly: (2)
a. that it does not affect the quality of life
b. that behavioral and psychological changes occur
c. they are very often violent
d. hallucinations are more common than delusions?
B, C
152
Treatment of delirium in the elderly, mark the correct answers:
a. Low oral doses of diazepam (0.5 to 1 mg) are best.
b. Low oral doses of lorazepam (0.5 to 1 mg) are best.
c. P ri patients with stable pulmonary function with masks when used clomethiazole.
d. Haloperidol is used in a minimum dose of 0.5 mg and rarely more than 5 mg daily.
e. Disulfiram is used to treat delirium in alcoholic patients
B, C, D
chatgpt indica D
153
Suicide in the elderly is considered to be the most common (2)
a. long planned
b. impulsive decision, and is a consequence
c. mood disorders
d. perceptual disturbances
e. sleep disorders
A, C
Se è solo 1 C (chatgpt)
154
Panic attacks are not expected in old age in:
a. mitral valve prolapse
b. hyperthyroidism
c. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. benzodiazepine poisoning
e. intoxication with sympathomimetics
D
155
Characteristics of fetal alcohol symptom:
a. facial anomalies
b. low birth weight
c. lower intelligence
d. behavioral disorders with hyperactivity
e. all of the above
all of the above
156
Opioids
a. Under the influence of a wide pupil
b. Under the influence of a narrow pupil
c. Pulling wide pupils
d. Withdrawal narrow pupils
B
157
The onset of addiction is not related to
a) learning with positive conditioning
b) learning with negative conditioning
c) reduced release of dopamine in the accumulator (accumbens)
d) neuroplastic changes in the brain's reward system
e) the effect of psychoactive drugs on dopamine release
B
se si intende accumbens allora C
158
The first ward for patients with psychiatric disorders in a general hospital was established in Slovenia in
a. 1787
A
159
Characteristics of Wernick's encephalopathy:
a. cognitive impairment
b. psychomotor retardation
c. ataxia
d. nystagmus
e. peripheral neuropathy
TUTTE
160
The development of a child's brain in influenced by
a. Genetic
b. Environment
c. Attachment process between mother and child
d. Hormones released thought mother child interaction
e. Perinatal injuries
TUTTE
161
The estimated prevalence of mental disorders in Slovenia is:
a) between 5 and 10%
b) between 10 and 15%
c) between 15 and 20%
d) between 20 and 25%
e) between 25 and 30%
c
162
Harmful use of psychoactive substances includes:
a. that it is not a mental disorder
b. that it is a pattern of use of a psychoactive substance that causes damage to
health
c. that it is an addiction to a psychoactive substance
d. that it is caused only by alcohol
e. that it is one of the disorders of habits and impulses and disorders of memory
B
163
In cenestethic hallucinations: (3)
a. we classify it as a haucination of bodily sensation
b. are hallucinations involving internal organs
c. are hallucinations that cover only the surface of the body
d. represent severely distorted feelings about pathologically experienced changes in
internal organs
e. are hallucinations that also involve directly accessible body cavities
A, B, D
164
Ganser's syndrome has the following characteristics:
a. approximate answers
b. obscuration of consciousness
c. bodily dissociative signs
d. pseudohallucinations
e. subsequent amnesia
f. all of the above
F
165
Disorders of sexual identity include: (2)
a. militaryism
b. transsexualism
c. transversalism as a dual role
d. inorganic vaginismus
e. sadomasochism
B, C
166
SSRIs - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include:
a. citalopram
b. fluoxetine
c. fluvoxamine
d. paroxetine
e. sertalin
f. all of the above
F
167
For inhalants, the following applies: (2)
a. they are easily accessible
b. they are not addictive
c. they act similarly to benzodiazepines
d. do not cause significant deviations in CNS function
e. when used in conjunction with cannabioids, they are less harmful
A, E
