PSIO Lab 4.1

Question 1

Key regulator of homeostasis

Answer 1

The nervous system

Question 2

What are the two main branches of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Fight or flight

Answer 3

sympathetic

Question 4

Rest and digest

Answer 4

parasympathetic

Question 5

Central nervous system is composed of…?

Answer 5

Brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Peripheral nervous system have what kind of neurons?

Answer 6

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurons

Question 7

Which branches or the nervous system are under voluntary control?

Answer 7

The somatic nervous system which is under the peripheral nervous system.

Question 8

Which branches of the nervous system are under voluntary control?

Answer 8

The somatic nervous system which is under the peripheral nervous system.

Question 9

How does the nervous system sense our environment, integrate information, and elicit a response?

Answer 9

Through reflex arcs

Question 10

What are neurons?

Answer 10

Cells that conduct action potentials. They are the structural and functional units of nervous tissue.

Question 11

What are unipolar neurons?

Answer 11

Neurons where the axon comes out of one side of the cell body (afferent)

Question 12

What are bipolar neurons?

Answer 12

Neurons where the axon comes out of two sides of the cell body (afferent)

Question 13

What are multipolar neurons?

Answer 13

Neurons where the axon comes of multiple places (afferent and efferent)

Question 14

What are neuroglia?

Answer 14

Cells that support, protect, and provide nutrients to neurons and augment the speed of neuron transmission

Question 15

What are the specific neuroglia of the CNS?

Answer 15

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

Question 16

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 16

Maintains environemtn around neurons, keeps neurons in place, and forms the blood brain barrier. These cells are star-shaped

Question 17

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 17

Forms myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS with its many processes.

Question 18

What do microglia’s do?

Answer 18

Engulfs invading microbes, debris, and necrotic tissue

Question 19

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 19

Forms and circulates cerebrospinal fluid. Lines the 4 ventricles of the brain and central canal

Question 20

What are the specific neuroglia of the PNS?

Answer 20

Satellite cells and schwann cells

Question 21

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 21

Support PNS neurons and regulate their chemical environment. Cover sensory neuron cell bodies

Question 22

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 22

Support PNS neurons and regulate their chemical environment. Cover sensory neuron cell bodies

Question 23

What do schwann cells do?

Answer 23

Forms myelin sheath on axons in the PNS. Each schwann cell creates one section of myelin sheath by wrapping around itself.

Question 24

What are the 4 principal regions that constitute a complete brain?

Answer 24

Brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

Question 25

What are the 3 specific regions of the brainstem?

Answer 25

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Question 26

What are functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 26

- Smooths and coordinates contractions of skeletal muscles - Regulates posture and balance

Question 27

What are the 3 specific regions of the diencephalon?

Answer 27

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 28

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

Answer 28

- Perception of sensory information - Voluntary movements - Association areas for memory, personality, and intelligence

Question 29

What are the specific regions of the cerebrum?

Answer 29

Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei (ganglia)

Question 30

Gyrus

Answer 30

A ridge or fold on the surface of the brain

Question 31

Sulcus

Answer 31

A groove, furrow, or trench

Question 32

Fissure

Answer 32

A deep furrow, groove or trench

Question 33

Motor function area of the cerebrum

Answer 33

Initiate impulses to skeletal muscles

Question 34

Sensory functional area of the cerebrum

Answer 34

Receive and interpret impulses from sensory receptors

Question 35

What are association areas?

Answer 35

Are found in between functional areas of the brain and are responsible for the complex integration of brain functions

Question 36

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 36

Receives tactile information from the body

Question 37

Somatosensory association area

Answer 37

Allows you to recognize objects by touch

Question 38

Primary motor cortex

Answer 38

Initiates the voluntary movement of your skeletal muscles

Question 39

Motor association area

Answer 39

Allows for the coordination of complex movement

Question 40

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 40

Detects sound

Question 41

Auditory association area

Answer 41

Process auditory information

Question 42

Primary visual cortex

Answer 42

Involved in the detection of simple visual stimuli

Question 43

Visual association area

Answer 43

Process visual information

Question 44

Broca's Area

Answer 44

- Motor speech area - Helps in movements required to produce speech

Question 45

Wernicke's Area

Answer 45

- A sensory area - Helps in understanding speech and using correct words to express our thoughts