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PSIO 201 > PSIO Lab 4.1 > Flashcards

PSIO Lab 4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Key regulator of homeostasis

A

The nervous system

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2
Q

What are the two main branches of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

Fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

Rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

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5
Q

Central nervous system is composed of…?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Peripheral nervous system have what kind of neurons?

A

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurons

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7
Q

Which branches or the nervous system are under voluntary control?

A

The somatic nervous system which is under the peripheral nervous system.

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8
Q

Which branches of the nervous system are under voluntary control?

A

The somatic nervous system which is under the peripheral nervous system.

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9
Q

How does the nervous system sense our environment, integrate information, and elicit a response?

A

Through reflex arcs

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10
Q

What are neurons?

A

Cells that conduct action potentials. They are the structural and functional units of nervous tissue.

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11
Q

What are unipolar neurons?

A

Neurons where the axon comes out of one side of the cell body (afferent)

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12
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A

Neurons where the axon comes out of two sides of the cell body (afferent)

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13
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Neurons where the axon comes of multiple places (afferent and efferent)

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14
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Cells that support, protect, and provide nutrients to neurons and augment the speed of neuron transmission

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15
Q

What are the specific neuroglia of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

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16
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Maintains environemtn around neurons, keeps neurons in place, and forms the blood brain barrier. These cells are star-shaped

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17
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Forms myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS with its many processes.

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18
Q

What do microglia’s do?

A

Engulfs invading microbes, debris, and necrotic tissue

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19
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Forms and circulates cerebrospinal fluid. Lines the 4 ventricles of the brain and central canal

20
Q

What are the specific neuroglia of the PNS?

A

Satellite cells and schwann cells

21
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

Support PNS neurons and regulate their chemical environment. Cover sensory neuron cell bodies

22
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

Support PNS neurons and regulate their chemical environment. Cover sensory neuron cell bodies

23
Q

What do schwann cells do?

A

Forms myelin sheath on axons in the PNS. Each schwann cell creates one section of myelin sheath by wrapping around itself.

24
Q

What are the 4 principal regions that constitute a complete brain?

A

Brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

25
Q

What are the 3 specific regions of the brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

26
Q

What are functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • Smooths and coordinates contractions of skeletal muscles
  • Regulates posture and balance
27
Q

What are the 3 specific regions of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus

28
Q

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • Perception of sensory information
  • Voluntary movements
  • Association areas for memory, personality, and intelligence
29
Q

What are the specific regions of the cerebrum?

A

Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei (ganglia)

30
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridge or fold on the surface of the brain

31
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove, furrow, or trench

32
Q

Fissure

A

A deep furrow, groove or trench

33
Q

Motor function area of the cerebrum

A

Initiate impulses to skeletal muscles

34
Q

Sensory functional area of the cerebrum

A

Receive and interpret impulses from sensory receptors

35
Q

What are association areas?

A

Are found in between functional areas of the brain and are responsible for the complex integration of brain functions

36
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Receives tactile information from the body

37
Q

Somatosensory association area

A

Allows you to recognize objects by touch

38
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Initiates the voluntary movement of your skeletal muscles

39
Q

Motor association area

A

Allows for the coordination of complex movement

40
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Detects sound

41
Q

Auditory association area

A

Process auditory information

42
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Involved in the detection of simple visual stimuli

43
Q

Visual association area

A

Process visual information

44
Q

Broca’s Area

A
  • Motor speech area
  • Helps in movements required to produce speech
45
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A
  • A sensory area
  • Helps in understanding speech and using correct words to express our thoughts

PSIO 201 (1 decks)

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