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Kidneys > PSWs > Flashcards

PSWs Flashcards

1
Q

What is clearance?

A

clearance is a RATE of output/input (excretion of substance/plasma conc of substance) so units = mL/min!
= (Ux*V)/Px
= E/Px
= mg/mL

official definition:
volume of plasma (so amount of plasma) that kidney was able to clear of/remove substance from body per unit time

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2
Q

What’s the principle of mass balance for the kidney?

A

Input = Output!
so
Artery = Vein + Ureter
Pa x RPF = Pv x RPF + U x V

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3
Q

Do we produce inulin in our body?

A

NO!

that’s why we don’t have transporters for it in our body!

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4
Q

Is inulin reabsorbed secreted, broken down or made by the body? Does it change GFR?

A

NO!

Inulin is ONLY filtered but NOT reabsorbed, secreted, broken down or made by body so it doesn’t change GFR. That’s why we can use it to estimate GFR!

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5
Q

AMOUNT FILTERED of a substance = ________ _____________?

A

FILTERED LOAD

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6
Q

Amount of inulin filtered = amt of inulin _________?

A

EXCRETED

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7
Q

C____ = GFR?

A

Inulin

C inulin = GFR bec amt of inulin filtered = amt inulin excreted (bec/ inulin isn’t reabsorbed or secreted)

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8
Q

GFR units?

A

100 -125 mL/min or 180 L/day

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9
Q

C ______ is a slightly greater than GFR bec/ though most of it is FILTERED, a very small amt of it is _______?

A

C creatinine ia little > GFR bec/ a small amt is SECRETED.

But, C creatinine is a good estimate of GFR bec/ most of it is filtered.

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10
Q

What substances can we use to estimate GFR?

A

Inulin, Creatinine

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11
Q

What is a byproduct of skeletal muscle metabolism/breakdown? It’s made at a CONSTANT RATE, proportional to muscle mass.

A

Creatinine

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12
Q

Does creatinine overestimate GFR?

A

Yes! (slightly, by only 10%)

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13
Q

In the Clearance equation = C = (Ux *V)/Px, what does V stand for?

A

Volume flow rate = L/day or ml/min

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14
Q

C cr?

A

Clearance of Creatinine

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15
Q

C in?

A

Clearance of inulin

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16
Q

Normal range for Plasma creatinine?

A

0-2 so its usually 1

17
Q

How can we measure/estimate RPF?

A

Clearance of PAH
OR
Excretion of substance/ renal arterial - renal venous conc of substance (but can’t get renal venous conc from patient!)

PAH has RENAL VENOUS PLASMA CONC = 0 so that’s why it’s a good estimate for RPF!

18
Q

What is PAH?

A

Amino Acid (organic ion)

19
Q

Is PAH filtered and secreted?

A

Yes if PAH is at LOW PLASMA CONC!

PAH is filtered in LOW PLASMA CONC at glomerulus and almost ALL of it is secreted.

20
Q

At _____ plasma conc of PAH, almost all of PAH that doesn’t get filtered is secreted?

A

LOW

21
Q

Filtration Fraction = ?

A

GFR/RPF

=(Uin/Pin)/(UPAH/PPAH)

22
Q

What’s one way to quantify the kidney’s regulation of ECF osmolarity?

A

Free Water Clearance!

V = Cosm + CH20

CH20 = V- Cosm

23
Q

What does free water clearance tell us?

A

amt of pure water (NO SOLUTE!) to add or remove from urine to make urine ISOOSMOTIC to plasma

24
Q

If urine is HYPOtonic to plasma, is free water clearance positive?

A

Yes!

bec/ water is being excreted to form urine less concentrated than plasma

25
Q

If urine is HYPERosmotic to plasma, what is the sign of free water clearance?

A

Negative = Volume of Free Water TRANSPORTED = water is being reabsorbed, NOT excreted to form urine more concentrated than plasma

26
Q

What does a negative free water clearance tell us?

A

urine is HYPERrtonic to plasma (so we are excreting a higher conc of solute NOT water) so Volume of Free Water is being TRANSPORTED NOT CLEARED

27
Q

What substance is filtered only (not reabsorbed or secreted)? GFR = C

A

inulin

28
Q

What substances are filtered and secreted? GFR < C

A

K+, PO4-, acids, waste products

29
Q

What substances are filtered and reabsorbed? GFR > C

A

glucose, amino acids, bicarb, Na+, H20, Cl-

30
Q

GFR < C for what substances?

A

things that are secreted more than filtered: K+, PO4- (phosphates), acids, waste

31
Q

GFR > C for what substances?

A

things that are reabsorbed more than filtered: glucose, amino acids, bicarb, Na+, Cl-, H20

Kidneys (5 decks)

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