PSY 332: Quiz 1 Chapters Flashcards
(35 cards)
The Greek Philosopher Aristotle localized the mind in the ______?
Heart
The Greek Philosopher Aristotle believed that the function of the brain was to _______?
He thought the function of the brain was to cool the blood.
What is the text book definition of Cognitive Psychology?
Cognitive psychology is the science of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought and how the mind is realized in the brain.
What is the definition of Impetus
The force or energy with which the body moves
Why do people study cognitive psychology?
The thirst for knowledge.
They also strive to understand the mechanisms (mental processes) that make such intellectual sophistication possible.
What did Herbert Simon find in the processes he examined?
He found that the methods of scientific discovery could be explained in terms of the BASIC cognitive processes that we study in Cognitive Psychology.
Basically saying that a detailed look reveals that even the brilliant results of human genius are produced by basic cognitive processes operating together in complex ways to produce brilliant results.
Cognitive Psychology is the foundation on which all other social sciences stand, in the same way that physics is the foundation for the other sciences. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Social Sciences have developed without grounding in cognitive psychology? TRUE OR FALSE and why?
TRUE
- For two main reasons
- 1st being that the field of cognitive psychology is not that advanced
- 2nd being that researchers in other areas of social science have managed to find other ways to explain the phenomena in which they are interested.
List some examples of how cognitive psychology has had practical applications in our every day lives.
+Long history on research on the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Which has lead to the creation of guidelines for law enforcement personnel.
+Variations on basic info processing in the design evaluations for computer based devices such as modern flight management systems on aircraft’s.
+Applications to education such as reading instructions and teaching math.
+Contributions to help understand Brain Disorders such as schizophrenia or autism.
In Western Civilization interest in human cognition can be traced to the _______? Who were the two main philosophers?
The Ancient Greeks.
Specifically Plato and Aristotle
What is Empiricism?
Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge comes from experience
What is Nativism?
Nativism is the belief that all children come into the world with a great deal of innate knowledge
Definition of innate knowledge
innate means natural or inborn.
so innate knowledge would mean inborn knowledge or natural knowledge
How old is Cognitive psychology and why is it at this age?
Cognitive psychology is less than 150 years old
+The reason why it is so relatively young is because the first 100 years humans spent it clearing misconceptions that arise when the mind is studying itself
Only in the last 150 years has it been realized that human cognition could be the subject of scientific study rather than philosophical speculation. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
What year cited was the beginning of psychology as a science?
And who was the man who started it?
And what did his studies focus on?
1879
+Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Germany
+Studied Introspection
What is Introspection
Introspection is the examination of ones own conscious thoughts and feelings.
+Relies exclusively on observation of ones mental state , spiritually referred to examine ones soul.
What debate did introspection spark?
It sparked the debate over the issue of whether conscious experience could really be devoid of concrete content.
What is the definition of Devoid?
+Entirely lacking or free from.
Example: Lisa kept her voice devoid of emotion.
What is the definition of Concrete Content?
+Concrete Content is thinking that is focused on the physical world. Opposite of abstract thinking which is imagination.
Example: Babies think in extreme concrete thinking as research indicates that they cannot conceive of an object as existing if it is not physically present.
Was Wilhelm Wundt “Introspective Psychology” welcome in America? YES OR NO? Why?
Wilhelm Wundt “introspective psychology” was not accepted in America because Americans viewed and had practiced the theory as a passive, causal, reflective rather than INTENSE AND ANALYTICAL like Wundt.
Who was an important early American Scientific Psychologist ? What did he develop?
Edward Thorndike
+He developed a theory of learning that was directly applicable to classrooms. Related to reward and punishment.
Who led the fierce attack on “introspection or any attempt to develop a theory of mental operations”?
John Watson fought introspection of mind operations and pushed his own agenda of Behaviorism. 1920
What is Behaviorism?
Behaviorism is the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, WITHOUT appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by alternating behavior patterns.
