PSY 333 PSY 2 Exam

Question 1

What is synaptic pruning?,

Answer 1

The process of eliminating unused synapses to strengthen essential neural connections.”

Question 2

What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills?

Answer 2

Gross motor skills involve large muscle activities (e.g., walking), while fine motor skills involve small muscle movements (e.g., grasping).”

Question 3

What is myelination?

Answer 3

,”The process of coating the axon of each neuron with a fatty coating called myelin, which protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently.”

Question 4

What is the pincer grasp?

Answer 4

“A fine motor skill where the thumb and forefinger are used to grasp small objects.”

Question 5

What is experience-dependent brain growth?,”

Answer 5

“Growth that occurs in response to specific learning experiences.”

Question 6

What stage of Piaget’s theory occurs during infancy?,”

Answer 6

Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years).

Question 7

What is object permanence?

Answer 7

“Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.”

Question 8

What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?

Answer 8

“Support provided by a more knowledgeable other to help a child accomplish a task within their zone of proximal development.”

Question 9

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

Answer 9

“The range of tasks a child can do with the help of a more knowledgeable other but not yet independently.

Question 10

What is the LAD according to Chomsky?,”

Answer 10

“The Language Acquisition Device, an innate mechanism enabling infants to learn language.

Question 11

What is classical conditioning

Answer 11

,”Learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response.”

Question 12

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 12

,”Learning through rewards and punishments to increase or decrease behavior.”

Question 13

What is habituation?,

Answer 13

,”A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.”

Question 14

What is dishabituation?

Answer 14

“An increase in responsiveness when a new stimulus is presented after habituation.”

Question 15

Who conducted the Strange Situation?

Answer 15

“Mary Ainsworth.”

Question 16

What are the four types of attachment?

Answer 16

“Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, disorganized.”

Question 17

What is the internal working model?,

Answer 17

“A mental representation of self, others, and relationships developed through early interactions with caregivers.”

Question 18

What is Erikson’s first psychosocial stage?

Answer 18

“Trust vs. Mistrust.”

Question 19

What is social referencing?,

Answer 19

,”The process where infants look to caregivers to determine how to respond to unfamiliar situations.”

Question 20

What is temperament?

Answer 20

“An infant’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity, typically consistent over time.”

Question 21

A 9-month-old baby begins to crawl and later pulls herself up to stand.,What type of motor skill is she developing?

Answer 21

Gross motor skills

Question 22

A caregiver frequently talks to her infant using baby talk and gestures.,What area of development is being supported?

Answer 22

Language development

Question 23

A 6-month-old looks to his mother’s face when a stranger approaches.,What is this behavior called?

Answer 23

,Social referencing

Question 24

An infant becomes distressed when her caregiver leaves but is comforted when she returns.,What attachment style is this?,

Answer 24

Secure attachment

Question 25

A researcher rings a bell every time she feeds a baby, and the baby eventually salivates at the sound alone.,What type of learning is this?,Classical conditioning

Answer 25

Classical conditioning

Question 26

A 10-month-old drops a spoon repeatedly and laughs when his father picks it up each time.,What cognitive concept does this show?

Answer 26

Operant conditioning

Question 27

A baby stops reacting to a repeated sound but becomes alert when a new sound is played.,What process is this?,

Answer 27

Dishabituation

Question 28

A mother smiles at her baby, who smiles back.,What is this an example of?

Answer 28

Social recognition

Question 29

A 2-year-old child uses two-word phrases like “want juice”.,What is this stage of language development called?

Answer 29

Telegraphic speech

Question 30

A baby who is shy in new situations but adjusts over time is likely showing what temperament?

Answer 30

Slow-to-warm-up temperament

Question 31

A 1-year-old uses a pinching motion to pick up small cereal pieces.,What type of fine motor skill is this?,

Answer 31

,Pincer grasp

Question 32

A toddler imitates her older sibling brushing her teeth.,Which theory explains this behavior?

Answer 32

Social Learning Theory

Question 33

An infant’s brain forms many synaptic connections during the first years.,What is this process of growth called?

Answer 33

Experience-expectant brain growth

Question 34

A 4-month-old is startled by a loud noise.,Which type of emotion is this?

Answer 34

Basic emotion

Question 35

A baby doesn’t look distressed when his mother leaves and avoids her upon return.,What attachment style is this?

Answer 35

Insecure-avoidant

Question 36

A caregiver provides toys just challenging enough to keep a baby engaged.,What Vygotskian concept is this an example of?

Answer 36

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Question 37

A child’s ability to retrieve a memory improves as they grow.,What memory process is this?,

Answer 37

Recall

Question 38

A father comforts his crying baby and consistently meets her needs.,According to Erikson, what psychosocial task is being developed?

Answer 38

Trust

Question 39

A baby cries when a toy is hidden under a blanket, but searches for it.,What cognitive milestone has been reached?

Answer 39

Object permanence

Question 40

A baby prefers to be held by his caregiver and shows anxiety with strangers.,What phase of attachment is this?

Answer 40

Clear-cut attachment phase