Psy 5 - Substance Abuse Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Psy 5 - Substance Abuse Deck (40)
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1
Q

What is the difference of mechanisms of action of barbiturates vs benzodiazepines?

A

Benzodiazepines: It increases GABA by increasing the FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening. Barbiturates: Increases GABA by increasing the DURATION of Cl- channel opening. [Barb likes it longer Ben more frequently]

2
Q

How do we treat benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil but can cause severe withdrawal syndrome.

3
Q

What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?

A

CNS depression. Euphoria. Nausea/vomiting. Constipation. Pupillary constriction (miosis). Seizures (in higher doses). Respiratory depression.

4
Q

What are the treatments for opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone, naltrexone.

5
Q

What are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

A

Sweating. Dilated pupils. Piloerection. Yawning. Rhinorrhea. Flu-like symptoms.

6
Q

What can be given to patients having withdrawal symptoms from heroin use?

A

Methadone. Suboxone (Naloxone + buprenorphine).

7
Q

What is the mechanism of amphetamines?

A

Increases neuronal firing by increasing the release of catecholamines.

8
Q

What is the mechanism of cocaine?

A

Blocks the reuptake of catecholamines.

9
Q

What can we use for someone with cocaine overdose?

A

Benzodiazepines. Haloperidol.

10
Q

What is the mechanism of PCP?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist. Inhibits nicotinic ACh receptors. Dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

11
Q

What are the symptoms of PCP use?

A

Belligerence. Impulsiveness. Agitation. Nystagmus. Homicidal ideation. Violence. Psychosis. Delirium.

12
Q

What is the treatment for PCP use?

A

Benzodiazepine. Antipsychotics.

13
Q

What is the mechanism of LSD?

A

Multiple areas in the CNS but mainly in the 5-HT receptors.

14
Q

What are the symptoms of LSD use?

A

Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Visual hallucinations. Flashbacks (even years after using it). Pupillary dilation.

15
Q

What is the treatment for LSD use?

A

Benzodiazepines. Don’t use antipsychotics because it might make the symptoms worse.

16
Q

What is the active ingredient in marijuana?

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol. This affects the THC receptors and CV-1 receptors.

17
Q

What are the symptoms of marijuana use?

A

Euphoria. Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Perception of slowed time. Impaired judgement. Social withdrawal. Increased appetite. Dry mouth. Hallucinations. Redness of eyes. Future development of schizophrenia.

18
Q

What are the symptoms of marijuana withdrawal?

A

Irritability. Insomnia. Nausea. Symptoms peak in 48 hrs and last 5-7 days. Detected in urine for up to 1 month after last use.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of MDMA use?

A

Euphoria. Decreased anxiety. Sense of intimacy w/ others. Tachycardia. Jaw clenching. Dehydration. They like to dance.

20
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of Marijuana?

A

Red eyes.

21
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of LSD?

A

Mydriasis.

22
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of PCP?

A

Some mydriasis. Vertical and horizontal nystagmus.

23
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of cocaine?

A

Mydriasis.

24
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of amphetamines?

A

Mydriasis.

25
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of organophosphates?

A

Miosis.

26
Q

What eye symptom do we see with the use of opioids?

A

Miosis.

27
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes Post-op constipation and/or respiratory depression?

A

Opioid use.

28
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes severe depression, headache, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, hunger?

A

Cocaine or amphetamine withdrawal.

29
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes pinpoint pupils, nausea, vomiting, seizures.

A

Opioid overdose.

30
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes belligerence, impulsiveness, nystagmus, homicidal ideation, psychosis?

A

PCP intoxication.

31
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes headache, anxiety/depression, weight gain?

A

Withdrawal from nicotine or caffeine.

32
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety/depression, delusions, hallucination, flashbacks?

A

LSD intoxication.

33
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes rebound anxiety, tremors, seizures, life-threatening?

A

Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates.

34
Q

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety, piloerection, yawning, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, diarrhea?

A

Opioid withdrawal.

35
Q

What is the treatment for overintoxication of alcohol?

A

IVFs, respiratory/blood monitoring, time.

36
Q

What is the treatment for overintoxication of benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil.

37
Q

What is the treatment for overintoxication of PCP?

A

Benzodiazepines, haloperidol.

38
Q

What is the treatment for overintoxication of opioids?

A

Naloxone, naltrexone.

39
Q

What are the three main therapeutic uses of amphetamines?

A

Treatment of ADHD, weight loss, narcolepsy and related sleep disorders.

40
Q

What are the symptoms of barbiturates and benzodiazepines use?

A

CNS depression. Decreased anxiety. Disinhibition. Coma. Severe respiratory depression.