Psy 5 - Substance Abuse

Question 1

What is the difference of mechanisms of action of barbiturates vs benzodiazepines?

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines: It increases GABA by increasing the FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening. Barbiturates: Increases GABA by increasing the DURATION of Cl- channel opening. [Barb likes it longer Ben more frequently]

Question 2

How do we treat benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 2

Flumazenil but can cause severe withdrawal syndrome.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?

Answer 3

CNS depression. Euphoria. Nausea/vomiting. Constipation. Pupillary constriction (miosis). Seizures (in higher doses). Respiratory depression.

Question 4

What are the treatments for opioid overdose?

Answer 4

Naloxone, naltrexone.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

Answer 5

Sweating. Dilated pupils. Piloerection. Yawning. Rhinorrhea. Flu-like symptoms.

Question 6

What can be given to patients having withdrawal symptoms from heroin use?

Answer 6

Methadone. Suboxone (Naloxone + buprenorphine).

Question 7

What is the mechanism of amphetamines?

Answer 7

Increases neuronal firing by increasing the release of catecholamines.

Question 8

What is the mechanism of cocaine?

Answer 8

Blocks the reuptake of catecholamines.

Question 9

What can we use for someone with cocaine overdose?

Answer 9

Benzodiazepines. Haloperidol.

Question 10

What is the mechanism of PCP?

Answer 10

NMDA receptor antagonist. Inhibits nicotinic ACh receptors. Dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of PCP use?

Answer 11

Belligerence. Impulsiveness. Agitation. Nystagmus. Homicidal ideation. Violence. Psychosis. Delirium.

Question 12

What is the treatment for PCP use?

Answer 12

Benzodiazepine. Antipsychotics.

Question 13

What is the mechanism of LSD?

Answer 13

Multiple areas in the CNS but mainly in the 5-HT receptors.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of LSD use?

Answer 14

Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Visual hallucinations. Flashbacks (even years after using it). Pupillary dilation.

Question 15

What is the treatment for LSD use?

Answer 15

Benzodiazepines. Don’t use antipsychotics because it might make the symptoms worse.

Question 16

What is the active ingredient in marijuana?

Answer 16

Tetrahydrocannabinol. This affects the THC receptors and CV-1 receptors.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of marijuana use?

Answer 17

Euphoria. Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Perception of slowed time. Impaired judgement. Social withdrawal. Increased appetite. Dry mouth. Hallucinations. Redness of eyes. Future development of schizophrenia.

Question 18

What are the symptoms of marijuana withdrawal?

Answer 18

Irritability. Insomnia. Nausea. Symptoms peak in 48 hrs and last 5-7 days. Detected in urine for up to 1 month after last use.

Question 19

What are the symptoms of MDMA use?

Answer 19

Euphoria. Decreased anxiety. Sense of intimacy w/ others. Tachycardia. Jaw clenching. Dehydration. They like to dance.

Question 20

What eye symptom do we see with the use of Marijuana?

Answer 20

Red eyes.

Question 21

What eye symptom do we see with the use of LSD?

Answer 21

Mydriasis.

Question 22

What eye symptom do we see with the use of PCP?

Answer 22

Some mydriasis. Vertical and horizontal nystagmus.

Question 23

What eye symptom do we see with the use of cocaine?

Answer 23

Mydriasis.

Question 24

What eye symptom do we see with the use of amphetamines?

Answer 24

Mydriasis.

Question 25

What eye symptom do we see with the use of organophosphates?

Answer 25

Miosis.

Question 26

What eye symptom do we see with the use of opioids?

Answer 26

Miosis.

Question 27

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes Post-op constipation and/or respiratory depression?

Answer 27

Opioid use.

Question 28

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes severe depression, headache, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, hunger?

Answer 28

Cocaine or amphetamine withdrawal.

Question 29

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes pinpoint pupils, nausea, vomiting, seizures.

Answer 29

Opioid overdose.

Question 30

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes belligerence, impulsiveness, nystagmus, homicidal ideation, psychosis?

Answer 30

PCP intoxication.

Question 31

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes headache, anxiety/depression, weight gain?

Answer 31

Withdrawal from nicotine or caffeine.

Question 32

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety/depression, delusions, hallucination, flashbacks?

Answer 32

LSD intoxication.

Question 33

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes rebound anxiety, tremors, seizures, life-threatening?

Answer 33

Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates.

Question 34

What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety, piloerection, yawning, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, diarrhea?

Answer 34

Opioid withdrawal.

Question 35

What is the treatment for overintoxication of alcohol?

Answer 35

IVFs, respiratory/blood monitoring, time.

Question 36

What is the treatment for overintoxication of benzodiazepines?

Answer 36

Flumazenil.

Question 37

What is the treatment for overintoxication of PCP?

Answer 37

Benzodiazepines, haloperidol.

Question 38

What is the treatment for overintoxication of opioids?

Answer 38

Naloxone, naltrexone.

Question 39

What are the three main therapeutic uses of amphetamines?

Answer 39

Treatment of ADHD, weight loss, narcolepsy and related sleep disorders.

Question 40

What are the symptoms of barbiturates and benzodiazepines use?

Answer 40

CNS depression. Decreased anxiety. Disinhibition. Coma. Severe respiratory depression.