Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

psy102 > psy chapter 3 > Flashcards

psy chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell specialized for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dendrite

A

portion of neuron that sends signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

synapse

A

space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

synaptic cleft

A

a gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glial cell

A

cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood-brain barrier; responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

myelin sheath

A

glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

resting potential

A

electrical charge difference (~60mV) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

threshold

A

membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

action potential

A

electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

absolute refractory period

A

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

receptor site

A

location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reuptake

A

means of recycling neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endorphin

A

chemical in the brain that plays a specialized role in pain reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plasticity

A

ability of the nervous system to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cerebral ventricles

A

pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurogenesis

A

creation of new neurons in the adult brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

part of nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cerebral ventricles

A

pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

frontal lobe

A

forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

corpus callosum

A

large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Broca's area
language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production
22
frontal lobe
forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning
23
motor cortex
part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement
24
prefrontal cortex
part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language
25
Broca's area
language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production
26
primary sensory cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex, that initially process information from the senses
27
association cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions
28
basal ganglia
structures in the forebrain that help to control movement
29
occipital lobe
back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision
30
primary sensory cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex, that initially process information from the senses
31
association cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions
32
amygdala
part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal
33
limbic system
emotional centre of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory
34
thalamus
gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex
35
hypothalamus
part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state
36
reticular activating system (RAS)
brain area that plays a key role in arousal
37
hippocampus
part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory
38
brain stem
part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the mindbrain, pons, and medulla
39
midbrain
part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound
40
reticular activating system (RAS)
brain area that plays a key role in arousal
41
hindbrain
regions below the midbrain that contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla
42
cerebellum
brain structure responsible for our sense of balance
43
reflex
an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus
44
medulla
part of brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing
45
spinal cord
thick bundle of nerves that convey's signals between the brain and body
46
interneuron
neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby
47
reflex
an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus
48
endocrine system
system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers
49
autonomic nervous system
part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation
50
pituitary gland
master gland that, under control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body
51
parasympathetic nervous system
division of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion
52
endocrine system
system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers
53
hormone
chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands
54
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure
55
adrenal gland
tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal
56
electroencephalograph (EEG)
recording of brain's electrical activity at the surface of the skull
57
computed tomography (CT)
a scanning technique using multiple X-rays to construct 3D images
58
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain
59
positron emission tomography (PET)
imaging technique that measures consumption of glucose-like molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain
60
split-brain surgery
procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures
61
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
technique that applies strong and quickly changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull that can either enhance or interrupt brain function
62
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain
63
lateralization
cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other
64
split-brain surgery
procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures
65
chromosome
slender thread inside a cell's nucleus that carries genes
66
gene
genetic material, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
67
genotype
our genetic makeup
68
heritability
percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes
69
dominant gene
gene that masks other genes' effects
70
twin study
analysis of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins
71
fitness
organisms' capacity to pass on their genes
72
heritability
percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes
73
family study
analysis of how characteristics run in intact families
74
twin study
analysis of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins
75
adoption study
analysis of how traits vary in individuals raised apart from their biological relatives

psy102 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions