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Psych 1A > PSY1011 Exam > Flashcards

PSY1011 Exam Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

From which Greek word is ‘psychology’ derived?

A

Psyche

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2
Q

What is the term given to society’s general beliefs about psychology, that are usually untrue and acquired through media?

A

Pop psychology

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3
Q

People mutually influence each others’ behaviour

A

Reciprocal determinism

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4
Q

A perspective, believed by Socrates + Plato, in which the mind and body are separate

A

Dualism

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5
Q

A perspective, believed by Aristotle + Locke, in which the mind and body are connected

A

Monoism

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6
Q

Birth date of psychology

A

1879

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7
Q

An approach concerned with the structure of the mind

A

Structuralism

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8
Q

An approach concerned with the purpose of mental processes

A

Functionalism

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9
Q

An approach concerned with exploring the unconscious mind

A

Psychodynamic

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10
Q

An approach concerned with what is literally observable and measurable

A

Behaviourism

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11
Q

The idea that our senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are

A

Naive realism

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12
Q

The fact that it’s easy to find confirmation for a theory if you’re specifically looking for it

A

Confirmation bias

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13
Q

What are the nine subfields of psychology?

A

Clinical neuropsych, clinical psych, counselling psych, community psych, educational psych, forensic psych, health psych, organisational psych, and sport psych

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14
Q

Non-Associative Learning

A

Habituation and Sensitisation

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15
Q

Becoming less sensitive to a stimuli due to repeated exposure

A

Habituation

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16
Q

Becoming more sensitive to a stimuli over time

A

Sensitisation

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17
Q

Associative Learning

A

Classical and operant conditioning

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18
Q

Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational

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19
Q

The effort by an organism to exist in harmony with its environment

A

Equilibrium

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20
Q

Mental representations of a category, object, event, or person

A

Schema

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21
Q

Fitting new experiences into existing schemas

A

Assimilation

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22
Q

Modifying schemas to fit new information

A

Accomodation

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23
Q

The ability to recognise that important properties of an object remain the same despite a change in appearance

A

Conservation

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24
Q

An animal bonds in a critical period after birth and takes on the behavioural characteristics of the caregiver

A

Imprinting

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25
Kohlberg Level One
Pre-morality
26
Kohlberg Level Two
Conventional morality
27
Kohlberg Level Three
Post-conventional morality
28
2 major divisions of the nervous system
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
29
The central nervous system:
Brain and spinal cord
30
2 systems of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic and autonomic
31
2 branches of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
32
The brain's ability to change, adapt, and reorganise itself
Neuroplasticity
33
4 lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
34
Type of glial cell that makes up the myelin sheath
Oligodendrocyte
35
Part of the neuron that receives messages
Dendrite
36
Part of the neuron that sends messages
Axon
37
Stress as a positive, motivating force
Eustress
38
The internal processes that occur as people try to adjust to or deal with events and situations
Stress
39
Stimuli that threaten to disrupt an individual's functioning and cause them to make adjustments to compensate for the disruption
Stressors
40
Attempting to alter or eliminate a source of stress
Problem-focused coping
41
Attempting to control the negative emotional consequences of a stressor
Emotion-focused coping
42
Cells that produce antibodies
B-Cells
43
Cells that mature in the Thymus and kill other cells
T-Cells
44
The diagnosis for when a body attacks healthy cells
Autoimmune disease
45
The diagnosis for when the immune system stops working
Immunosuppression
46
An approach that contends that memory is passive
Passivist approach
47
An approach that proposes that we actively influence our memories
Activist approach
48
Memories held by a group of people
Collective memory
49
Memories of specific events
Episodic memory
50
Memories of movements and habits
Procedural memory
51
General knowledge and facts about the world
Semantic memory
52
Memories needing a conscious effort to remember
Explicit memory
53
Memories automatically remembered
Implicit memory
54
2 types of sensory memory
Iconic and echoic
55
The principle which explains that memories are more easily retrieved if the external conditions at the time of retrieval are similar to that when they were encoded
Encoding specificity
56
The reactivation or reconstruction of information from memory
Retrieval
57
Generating previously remembered information
Recall
58
Selecting previously remembered information from an array of options
Recognition
59
Anti-psychotics
Neuroleptics
60
Tranquilisng drugs
Anxiolytics
61
The tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
Belief perserverance
62
Tendency to see patterns in meaningless data
Patternicity
63
Roughly how many neurons are in a brain?
85 billion
64
Around how many neural connections are in a brain?
160 trillion
65
The term given to the fact that our memory is surprisingly good in some situations and bad in others
Paradox of memory
66
A false but subjectively compelling memory
Memory illusion
67
A memory in which we see ourselves as an outside observer would
Observer memory
68
A memory in which we see the world through our own visual field
Field memory
69
How much information a system can hold
Span
70
How long a system can hold information
Duration
71
The longer we wait, the more our memories fade
Decay
72
Memories getting in the way of each other
Interference
73
New learning hampering earlier learning
Retroactive inhibition
74
Earlier learning hampering new learning
Proactive inhibition
75
Organising material into meaningful groupings
Chunking
76
3 levels of processing
Visual, phonological and semantic
77
The tendency to remember stimuli which appear early in a list
Primacy effect
78
The tendency to remember stimuli which appear late in a list
Recency effect
79
The tendency to remember distinctive stimuli that stand out
von Restorff effect
80
Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly when we have previously encountered similar syimuli
Priming
81
3 major stages of memory
Encoding, storage and retrieval
82
The process of getting information into our memory
Encoding
83
The process of keeping information in our memory
Storage
84
The process of fetching information from our memory
Retrieval
85
The physical trace of memory in the brain
Engram
86
Lost memories from our past
Retrograde amnesia
87
Lost ability to form new memories
Anterograde amnesia
88
Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations
Meta-memory skills
89
Emotional memories so vivid that we seem to be able to recall them in extreme detail
Flashbulb memories
90
A lack of clarity about the origin of a memory
Source monitoring confusion
91
mistakenly forgetting one of 'our' ideas actually originated with someone else
Cryptomnesia
92
Sudden, spontaneous understanding
Insight
93
Learning that isn't directly observable
Latent learning
94
We are evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli
Preparedness
95
Assuming that psychological phenomena are the same across all cultures
Absolutism
96
Assuming that all human behaviour is culturally patterened
Relativism
97
Assuming that all basic psychological processes are common to the human species as a whole
Universalism
98
Studying the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of a native
Emic approach
99
Studying the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of an outsider
Etic approach
100
The process of adapting to a culture other than the one originally identified with
Acculturation

Psych 1A (1 decks)

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