PSY120 -- Chapter 14

Question 1

Statistical Deviance

Answer 1

A criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among members of the population

Question 2

Cultural Deviance

Answer 2

A criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it violates the rules or accepted standards of society

Question 3

Emotional Distress

Answer 3

A criterion of abnormality stating that abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal distress or emotional upset

Question 4

Dysfunction

Answer 4

A breakdown in normal functioning

Question 5

Insanity

Answer 5

A legal term usually defined as the inability to understand that certain actions are wrong, in a legal or moral sense, at the time of a crime

Question 6

Medical Model

Answer 6

The view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of an underlying “disease” which can be “cured” with the appropriate therapy

Question 7

Diagnostic Labeling Effects

Answer 7

The fact that labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies: the label may make it difficult to recognize normal behavior when it occurs, and it may actually increase the likelihood a person will act in an abnormal way

Question 8

DSM-IV-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition

Answer 8

The manual used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders, composed of five major rating dimensions

Question 9

Axis I

Answer 9

Clinical disorders or other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention

Question 10

Axis II

Answer 10

Personality disorders and mental retardation

Question 11

Axis III

Answer 11

General medical conditions

Question 12

Axis IV

Answer 12

Psychosocial and environmental problems

Question 13

Axis V

Answer 13

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale

Question 14

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 14

A class of disorders marked by excessive apprehension and worry that in turn impairs normal functioning

Question 15

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 15

Excessive worrying or free-floating anxiety, that lasts for at least six months and that cannot be attributed to any single identifiable source

Question 16

Panic Disorder

Answer 16

A condition marked by recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread

Question 17

Agoraphobia

Answer 17

An anxiety disorder that causes an individual to restrict his or her normal activities, and a person suffering from this disorder tends to avoid public places out of fear that a panic attack will happen

Question 18

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 18

An anxiety disorder that manifests itself through persistent and uncontrollable thoughts or by the compelling need to perform repetitive actions

Question 19

Obsessions

Answer 19

Persistent and uncontrollable thoughts

Question 20

Compulsions

Answer 20

The compelling need to perform repetitive actions

Question 21

Phobic Disorder

Answer 21

A highly focused fear of a specific object or situation

Question 22

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 22

Intense fear of being watched, judged, and embarrassed in social situations

Question 23

Somatoform Disorders

Answer 23

Psychological disorders that focus on the physical body

Question 24

Hypochondriasis

Answer 24

A long-lasting preoccupation with the idea that one has developed a serious disease, based on what turns out to be a misinterpretation of normal body reactions

Question 25

Somatization Disorder

Answer 25

A long-lasting preoccupation with bodily symptoms that have no identifiable physical cause

Question 26

Conversion Disorder

Answer 26

The presence of real physical problems, such as blindness or paralysis, that seem to have no identifiable physical cause

Question 27

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 27

A class of disorders characterized by the separation of conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories

Question 28

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 28

A psychological disorder characterized by an inability to remember important personal information

Question 29

Dissociative Fuge

Answer 29

A loss of personal identity that is often accompanied by a flight from home

Question 30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 30

A condition in which an individual alternates between what appears to be two or more distinct identities (Multiple Personality Disorder)

Question 31

Mood Disorders

Answer 31

Prolonged and disabling disruptions in emotional state

Question 32

Major Depressive Episode

Answer 32

A type of mood disorder characterized by depressed mood and other symptoms

Question 33

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 33

A type of mood disorder in which the person experiences disordered mood shifts in two directions -- from depression to a manic state

Question 34

Manic State

Answer 34

A disordered state in which the person becomes hyperactive, talkative, and has a decreased need for sleep, and the person may engage in activities that are self-destructive or dangerous

Question 35

Schizophrenia

Answer 35

A class of disorders characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior

Question 36

Personality Disorders

Answer 36

Chronic or enduring patterns of behavior that lead to significant impairments in social functioning

Question 37

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 37

A personality disorder characterized by pervasive distrust of others

Question 38

Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 38

A personality disorder characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of by others

Question 39

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 39

A personality disorder characterized by little, if any, respect for social laws, customs, and norms

Question 40

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 40

A personality disorder characterized by problems with emotional regulation, social relationships, and sense of self

Question 41

Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

Answer 41

The idea that psychological disorders are influenced, or caused, by a combination of biological, cognitive, and environmental factors

Question 42

Learned Helplessness

Answer 42

A general sense of helplessness acquired when people repeatedly fail in their attempts to control their environment, and may play a role in depression