PSYC 310 Ch 4

Question 1

Watching people or animals in their natural habitats.

Answer 1

Naturalistic Observation

Question 2

Extent to which researcher can be generalized to real-life situations

Answer 2

Ecological Validity

Question 3

Studies in which the participants are aware that the researcher is observing their behavior

Answer 3

Undisguised Observation

Question 4

Studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research participants are involved

Answer 4

Nonparticipant Observation

Question 5

Researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research participants are involved

Answer 5

Participant Observation

Question 6

Participants are unaware that the researcher is observing their behavior

Answer 6

Disguised observation

Question 7

Influence of the researcher’s expectations on the outcome of the study

Answer 7

Expectancy Effects

Question 8

Full narrative descriptions of a participant’s behavior

Answer 8

Narrative Records

Question 9

Tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the participants and whether particular behaviors were observed

Answer 9

Checklist

Question 10

Type of item used on a checklist on which attributes that will not change are recorded

Answer 10

Static Item

Question 11

Item used on checklist to note the presence or absence of behavior

Answer 11

Action Item

Question 12

Social research based on field observations that is analyzed without statistics

Answer 12

Qualitative Research

Question 13

In-depth study of one or more individuals, groups, social settings, or events

Answer 13

Case Study

Question 14

Descriptive research method that involves describing data that existed before the time of the study

Answer 14

Archival Method

Question 15

Involves asking questions in a face-to-face manner, and it may be conducted anywhere

Answer 15

Interview

Question 16

Involves interviewing 6-10 individuals at the same time

Answer 16

Focus Group Interview

Question 17

Research is conducted by a group of people to identify a problem, attempt to resolve it, and then assess how successful their efforts were

Answer 17

Action Research

Question 18

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses

Answer 18

Open-ended Questions

Question 19

Questions for which participants choose from a limited number of alternatives

Answer 19

Closed-ended Questions

Question 20

Closed-ended questions with an open-ended “Other” option

Answer 20

Partially Open-Ended Questions

Question 21

A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction and strength of their response

Answer 21

Rating Scale

Question 22

A type of numerical rating scale developed by Renis Likert in 1932

Answer 22

Likert Rating Scale

Question 23

A question that includes nonneutral or emotionally laden terms

Answer 23

Loaded Question

Question 24

Question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner

Answer 24

Leading Question

Question 25

Question that asks more than one thing

Answer 25

Double-barreled Question

Question 26

Tendency to consistently give the same answer to almost all of the items on a survey

Answer 26

Response Bias

Question 27

Questions that ask for basic information, such as age, gender, ethnicity, or income

Answer 27

Demographic Questions

Question 28

Written survey that is self-administered

Answer 28

Mail Survey

Question 29

Tendency for one group to be overrepresented in a sample

Answer 29

Sampling Bias

Question 30

Tendency for the person asking the questions to bias the participants' answers

Answer 30

Interviewer Bias

Question 31

Survey in which questions are read to participants over the telephone

Answer 31

Telephone Survey

Question 32

Response that is given because a respondent believes it is deemed appropriate by society

Answer 32

Socially Desirable Response

Question 33

Survey in which the questions are asked face-to-face

Answer 33

Personal Interview

Question 34

Sample that is like the population

Answer 34

Representative Sample

Question 35

Sampling technique, each member of the population has a known probability of being selected to be part of the sample

Answer 35

Probability Sampling

Question 36

Method of generating a random sample in which each member of the population is equally likely to be chosen as part of the sample

Answer 36

Random Selection

Question 37

Sampling technique, ensures that subgroups or strata are fairly represented

Answer 37

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 38

Sampling technique, cluster of participants that represent the population are used

Answer 38

Cluster Sampling

Question 39

Sampling technique, individual members of the population do not have an equal or known likelihood of being selected to be a member of the sample

Answer 39

Nonprobablity Sampling

Question 40

Sampling technique, participants are obtained wherever they can be found and typically wherever is convenient for the researcher

Answer 40

Convenience Sampling

Question 41

Sampling technique, ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants

Answer 41

Quota Sampling