PSYC-3114 Final Exam

Question 1

Placebo Controls

Answer 1

Chemically inactive substance given as through a drug

Question 2

Single Blind Design

Answer 2

Participant does not know whether they are getting the drug or the placebo

Question 3

Double-Blind Design

Answer 3

Neither the participant nor the experimenter can know who is getting the drug and who is getting the placebo

Question 4

Name 3 Catecholamines

Answer 4

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

Question 5

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 5

Records sum of electrical events of thousands of neurons

Question 6

What are the 4 Dopaminergic Pathways

Answer 6

Nigrostriatal, Mesolimbic, Mesocortical, Tuberohypophyseal (Tuberoinfundibular)

Question 7

The Nigrostriatal Pathway is responsible for what function?

Answer 7

Movement

Question 8

Quantitative EEG (qEEG)

Answer 8

Computerized analysis of large amounts of EEG data. Produces coloured maps. Initial activity may predict response.

Question 9

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) / Sensory Evoked Potentials

Answer 9

Electrical brain changes in response to momentary stimulation; responses to specific stimuli

Question 10

Name 3 types of machines that electrically record brain activity

Answer 10

Electroencephalography (EEG), Quantitative EEG (qEEG), & Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)/Sensory Evoked Potentials

Question 11

The Mesolimbic system is involved in…

Answer 11

Reinforcement & Drug Abuse

Question 12

The Mesocortical Pathway plays a role in…

Answer 12

Motivation, emotion, schizophrenia

Question 13

Computerized Tomography (CT)

Answer 13

High resolution 3D image of brain (radiation)

Question 14

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 14

Detailed image of brain created by exposing brain to a magnetic field (image created based on differing chemical composition of tissues)

Question 15

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 15

A scanning device tracks/maps injected radioactive isotopes or drugs. Can determine binding locations of drugs or relative brain activity during tasks.

Question 16

D1 knockout mice…

Answer 16

Can die if food is not made more palatable

Question 17

D2 knockout mice…

Answer 17

have impairment in spontaneous movement and coordination

Question 18

Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT)

Answer 18

Similar to PET imaging but less expensive commercially available radiolabeled probes.

Question 19

D3 knockout mice…

Answer 19

have reduced anxiety

Question 20

D4 knockout mice…

Answer 20

are less likely to explore new environments

Question 21

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 21

Provides anatomical and functional information by detecting differences in blood oxygenation (active cells use more oxygen).

Question 22

What is the best and most expensive imaging technique?

Answer 22

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Question 23

D5 knockout mice…

Answer 23

develop high blood pressure

Question 24

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Answer 24

A MRI-based neuroimaging technique that allows visualization of the location, the orientation, and the structure of the brain’s white matter tracts.
Scans the Movement of water in neural tissue.

Question 25

The noradrenergic system consists of...

Answer 25

the forebrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Question 26

The noradrenergic system plays an important role in...

Answer 26

attention and alertness

Question 27

Resting-State fMRI (rs-fMRI)

Answer 27

Newer use of fMRI to examine connectivity among brain regions when awake; looks for reliable patterns or correlated spontaneous neural activity.

Question 28

Noradrenergic receptors are...

Answer 28

metatropic

Question 29

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

Answer 29

New tool that uses MRI data to determine concentrations of brain chemicals and metabolic changes. Only a few molecules can be measured now but has lots of potential.

Question 30

Neuropharmacology Techniques

Answer 30

Stereotaxic Surgery, Lesioning, Microdialysis, Electrophysiological Stimulation and Recording

Question 31

Radioligand Binding

Answer 31

Use a gamma counter to determine number of receptor to which radioligands bind in brain areas.

Question 32

Receptor Autoradiography

Answer 32

Provides a picture of receptor distribution in brain (uses autoradiographic film)

Question 33

In Vivo Receptor Binding

Answer 33

Provides picture of receptor distribution in brain but radiolabeled drug is injected while animal is alive; examine brain slices later

Question 34

Radioligand Binding, Receptor Autoradiography and In Vivo Receptor Binding are all methods of....

Answer 34

Locating and quantifying neurotransmitters, receptors, and other proteins

Question 35

Antibody Production

Answer 35

inject antigen into host animal to create antibodies; take blood samples and remove antibodies

Question 36

Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

Answer 36

Antibody placed on tissue slices; attaches to cells containing antigen; can determine which brain areas contain antigen (coloured/fluorescent dye)

Question 37

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Answer 37

antibody technique used to determine amount of a particular molecule in body fluids (test tube)