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psyc unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

critical thinking

A

Using reason and evidence to anylyze and decide a logical action or belif
ex: A doctor anylyzes patients situations and which will be treated in which order.

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2
Q

Empiricism

A

Our source of knowledge is through experience. Touching, smelling: senses
Ex:”Most people like sour candy over sweet candy.” -not true, just your experience

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3
Q

Wilhem Wundt

A

Father of psyc. First lab and examined cognitive structures.
ex: founder of structuralism

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4
Q

Structialism

A

study of how simple feelings and experiences form more complex structures
ex: saying a word with different emphasis and tone will give it a diffornet meaning.

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5
Q

Bradford Titchener

A

he continued Wilhelm ideas, structuralism

ex: structuralism is breaking down mental process into basic components

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6
Q

William James

A

she created functialism and taught Mary, who was a PHD psychologist. Margrett Wash whom was the 1st women to get a psyc degree.

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7
Q

Introspection

A

contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct

ex: Anna compmentated weather or not she wanted to wear a dress today.

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8
Q

Mary Calkins

A

introduced the field of psychology. She believed that the conscious was the main focus of psychology.

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9
Q

Functionalism

A

Consiouness enables analyze past and plan future.

ex:”Ouch thats hot lets not do that”

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10
Q

Behavioralism

A

The idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the enviornment. Rewards
Ex: People work to get money and pay off debt, ect

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11
Q

Humanistic psyc

A

The study of the whole person.

Ex: a therapist studying their new clients needs and what also hasent been met.

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12
Q

Cognitive psyc

A

The brain making connections from past experiences

ex: I remember that person from middle school

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13
Q

cognitive

A

problem solving

ex: solving a multi-step algebra question

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14
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

discipline to study cognition from the level of cranial nerve, and is an important field of learning science.
ex:perception, selective attention, memory, language, emotion and consciousness.

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15
Q

psychology

A

the mental and emotional factors in studying a person

ex: setting up and experiment and studying the behaviors of a hangry person.

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16
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

whether one’s genes (nature) are more or less influential than they way they were raised (nurture)
ex: genetics or experience is the reason a child is blonde

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17
Q

evolutionary psyc

A

adaptations and mechanisms of the mind that have evolved to solve specific problems of survival or reproduction.
ex: ability to recognize poisonous snakes

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18
Q

behavior genetics

A

the study of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors. By examining genetic influence, more information can be gleaned about how the environment operates to affect behavior
ex: depression

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19
Q

culture

A

These values and concepts are passed on from generation to generation, and they are the basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
ex: holiday traditions

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20
Q

positive psyc

A

the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning.
ex: the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organisations to thrive

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21
Q

biopsycosocial approach

A

Bio (physiological pathology)
Psycho (thoughts emotions and behaviours such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, current coping methods and attribution)
Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors suchs as work issues, family circumstances and benefits/economics)
ex: People may start smoking for psycological reasons, such as thinking it makes them less stressed or because of personality traits

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22
Q

behavioral psyc

A

Behavioral psychology, or behaviorism, is a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior
ex: Tim does his homework so his mom doesnt yell at him now.

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23
Q

biological psyc

A

it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics.

ex: examines the relationship between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and the influence of heredity on behavior.

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24
Q

psychodynamic psycology

A

studies how unconsious drives and conflicts with influencial behavior
ex: used to treat people with psycological disorders

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25
social cultural
study how situations and culture affects our behavior and thinking ex: social values and attitudes while doing certain tasks.
26
testing effect
better memory after processing, rather than just looking at information ex: someone remembering a book when they process and think about it , rather than just skimming it.
27
sQR3R
a study method | ex: survey, question, read, retrieve, review
28
Psychometrics
scientific study of human abilities attitudes and traits | ex: watching how humans interact when angry.
29
basic research
all science that increases the scientific knowledge base | ex: basing results off of the scientific facts
30
developmental psychology
the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. ex: learning how to walk, rather than just crawling.
31
development psyc
studies physical cognitive and social change throught life span ex: how someone interacts with someone throught their development
32
educational psyc
study of psychological process affect can better teach and learn someone
33
personality psyc
study of someones characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting
34
social psycology
study of how we think about and relate to others
35
applied reaserch
aims to solve practical problems
36
industrial-organizational psycology
applied concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces
37
human factors psyc
explores how people and machines interact. | ex: how machines and physical enviorments can be made safe and easy to opperate
38
counseling psyc
assists people in , ex: work or school problems to achive a higher well being
39
clinical psyc
a brach of psychology that studies and treats people with psyc problems ex: personality disorder treatments
40
psychiatry
medicine dealing with psyc disorders | ex: they provide medical treatments and therapy
41
community psyc
studies how people interact with social enviorments | ex: social insitutions affecting groups of people
42
hindsight bias
tendency to belive after learning the outcome, that someone could of predicted it ex: i knew that team was going to win! , no you didnt
43
theory
an explination using principles that organizes obervations and predicts behaviors or events
44
operational definition
carefully worded statemtns in procedures used in research study
45
replication
repeating a research study with difforent participents in difforent situations to see similarities
46
case study
a one man or group studies in depth, hopes to reveal universal principals
47
naturalistic observation
recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without stimuli
48
survey
reported attitudes or behaviors by a certain group by questioning a representative ex: asking a random sample about their opinions of a drug
49
sampling bias
flawed sampling that makes the product unrepresetative and untrue
50
population
all who is being studied, and samples will be drawn from the population ex: picking a group of students of a population to preform for the play
51
random sample
a sample that represents a population because each member has the same chance of being in the expireiment
52
correlation
when two factors vary together and how each predicts eachother
53
correlation coefficient
a statistical similarity of two things | ex: -1 and +1
54
variable
anything that can be varied, and is ethical and legal to measure
55
scatterplot
a cluster of dots that represents two variables and weather they are weak or strong
56
illusory correlation
percieving a relationship that doesnt exist | ex: thinking your close to someone than you actually are
57
regression tward the mean
tendency for extreme or unusual scores to regress tword the average ex: all students getting a F on the test
58
experiment
the investigator manipulates factors to observe the mental or behavioral process of a sample
59
experimental group
the group that is exposed to the treatments. a version to the independent variable
60
control group
the group in the expiremnt that isnt treated and is contrasted to the experimental group. ex: a conparison for evaluating the effect of a tested drug
61
random assignment
assigning participants to control conditions by chance which minimizes preexisting difforences between the 2 difforent samples
62
double blind procedure
where the the research staff and research participants are ignorant about the treatment or placebo. ex: drug evaluation studies
63
placebo
a fake outcome, something that effects nothing | ex: pushing the "wait" button will make the traffic signal light come on faster.
64
independent variable
the factor that is manipulated. the variables effect is being studied ex: the cause; what the epirementer is changing
65
confounding variable
a factor other than independent that might have an effect in an experiment
66
dependent variable
the outcome that might change due to manipulation of the independent. ex: the expirementer cannot control the outcomel: effect
67
validity
weather or not a test predicts whats supposed to happen
68
informed consent
giving participants some info to enable them whather or not they want to participate
69
debriefing
after the expiriment and the explanation of the study. | ex: purpose to participants
70
descriptive statistics
number data that measures and describes characteristics of groups.
71
histogram
a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution
72
skeweed distribution
scores that are not summetric around the average value
73
range
diference between high and low scores in distribution
74
standard deviation
measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
75
normal curve
bell shaped curve that describes distribution of physical and psycological attributes. Usually the scores are near average. ex: Its very rare for someone to land near the extreme high/low range
76
inferential statistics
number data that can be generlized to infer a true statement about the population
77
statistical significance
a stats statement of how likely it is that a result occurred by chance

psyc unit 1 (5 decks)

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