Psych 101 Final Review Flashcards
_ focus on how the people we surround ourselves with affect attitudes and behaviors, why people obey authority and how each of us is affected by other people—spouses, friends, bosses, parents, and strangers.
Social Psychologists
Susan and her husband have gotten into several major arguments over the last few months and they decide they need some formal advice. They consider signing up for a pricey weekend workshop titled, “Guiding Young Couples to Reprogram Their Relationship.” Susan is concerned that the instructor may be spouting “psychobabble.” How can she determine if the information in the workshop is valid?
Look up the presenter and examine his/her credentials and their history of dealing with this topic.
Generally speaking, we think of which of the following as the father of psychology because his actions defined psychology as an independent discipline.
.Wilhelm Wundt started the first laboratory for psychology in 1879.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding phrenology?
A. It helps to describe the unconscious mind.
B. It is an example of an early biological theory.
C. It could be called “having your head examined”.
D. It involved examining the bumps on your head.
A. It helps to describe the unconscious mind.
Wilhelm Wundt used a research method in which volunteers were taught to carefully observe, describe, and analyze their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions. He called this _______________.
trained introspection
“I have a memory of my cake dropping on the floor on my 4th birthday. I know this memory could be based on what my parents told me later, not on my own recollection.” Which of the following critical thinking guidelines does this example illustrate?
Consider other interpretations
William James stressed that the purpose of psychology was to ________
A. study the function of behavior
In order to determine whether “opposites attract” Thomas must identify exactly what is meant by “attraction” and what personality characteristics should be considered as “opposites.” In other words he must generate:
an operational definition of these terms.
Dr. Jones approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes the rewards and punishments that maintain certain specific behaviors. He does not invoke the mind to explain behavior but sticks to what he can observe and measure directly. It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches?
behavioral
Which of Freud’s personality components represents “reason, good sense and rational self control”?
A. ego
B. conscious
C. superego
D. id
ego
The reason why research participants are RANDOMLY assigned to experimental and control groups is so that:
the two groups are as similar as possible in all major characteristics, such as sex and income level and level of education.
The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________
it is closest to 0
Sara completed a reading test last week and again today. Her reading level was almost exactly the same both times. That means that the reading test that was used is
reliable
Researchers are studying the effects that nicotine may have on driving. Participants are put into two groups. Group 1 is given nicotine cigarettes and Group 2 is given fake cigarettes that taste and smell like real cigarettes but do not contain nicotine. What are the fake cigarettes an example of?
placebo
A researcher is studying how much sleep students get. He notices that there is a lot of variability in the data, with some students sleeping about 8 hours a night and some sleeping about 5 hours a night. One way to measure how spread out the data scores are is to use:
A. the standard deviation.
Dr. Smith wants to determine if the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to do a study in which she examines a single child who was tragically unexposed to human language by her parents. This type of research is called a(n):
B. case study.
Dr. Jones is conducting research in Uganda in order to determine the ways that mothers and their preschoolers interact throughout the day. Given the purpose of her study, it is most likely that she is engaged in:
naturalistic observation
Researchers were interested in testing whether individuals in bars drink more when they are in groups versus when they are alone. So the researchers visited pubs in a small city. They ordered beers and quietly recorded observations on napkins and pieces of newspaper. Why did they keep their identities in disguise?
They wanted the people they were observing to behave naturally.
The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.
independent variable; dependent variable
A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.
C. mean
Which of the following is NOT a projective test?
A. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)
B. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
C. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
D. Rorschach Inkblot Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Ben portrays to his friends that he is a health food “nut”. He puts them down if they eat junk food and posts lots of pictures on Instagram of his healthy food. However, he also eats Twinkies and Coca Cola when he is home alone. Freud would call this an example of
reaction formation.
