psych

Question 1

what is neuroscience?

Answer 1

Scientific study of the brain and nervous system

Question 2

what are neurons responsible for?

Answer 2

Responsible for information transmission throughout
the nervous system

Question 3

what do glial cells do?

Answer 3

Support neurons by disposing of waste products of
neurons, keeping their chemical environment
stable, and insulating them

Question 4

what are the for components of a nueron?

Answer 4

dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals

Question 5

what do dendrites do?

Answer 5

Include fibers that project out of the cell body; receive information
from other neurons

Question 6

what is the cell body responsible for?

Answer 6

Contains the nucleus of the cell and other biological machinery to
keep the cell alive

Question 7

what are axons responsible for?

Answer 7

Transmits messages through the neuron

Question 8

where are axons located and what are they responsible for?

Answer 8

Are at the end of the axon and send messages to a different neuron

Question 9

name the basic neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Acetylcholine (ACh)
 Dopamine
 Serotonin and norepinephrine
 GABA
 Glutamate
 Endorphins

Question 10

Neurotransmitter involved in learning,
memory, and muscle movement

Answer 10

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 11

 Neurotransmitter that impacts arousal and
mood states, thought processes, and
physical movement
 Antipsychotic drugs
 Addictive stimulants
 Amphetamine
 Cocaine
 Painkillers, caffeine, nicotine

Answer 11

Dopamine

Question 12

Serotonin and Norepinephrine

Answer 12

 Neurotransmitters involved in levels of arousal and
mood, sleep, and eating. These two neurotransmitters
play a major role in mood disorders such as
depression.
 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
 Antidepressant drugs that work by blocking the reuptake of
serotonin
 Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft
 Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs, SSNRIs)
 Antidepressant drugs that work by blocking the reuptake of
serotonin and norepinephrine
 Cymbalta, Pristiq, and Effexor

Question 13

GABA

Answer 13

(gamma-aminobutyric acid)
 Controls brain arousal level
 Antianxiety drugs are agonists for GABA (Valium,
Librium)
nia.

Question 14

Glutamate

Answer 14

 Involved in memory storage and pain perception
 Deficient glutamate has been linked to
schizophrenia.

Question 15

Endorphins

Answer 15

Group of neurotransmitters involved in
pain relief and feelings of pleasure;
nervous system’s natural painkillers
 Morphine and heroin

Question 16

brain

Answer 16

control system for entire nervous system

Question 17

spinal cord

Answer 17

connects brain and PNS and enables spinal cord reflex

Question 18

central nervous system

Answer 18

brain+spinal cord

Question 19

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 19

somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system

Question 20

somatic nervous system

Answer 20

conduit for incoming sensory input and outgoing commands for brain and skeletal muscles

Question 21

autonomic nervous system

Answer 21

regulates internal bodily environment (heart, stomach functions)

Question 22

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

(fight or flight)

Question 23

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

rest and digest system, controls the body during its rest period

Question 24

name some functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

dialates pupils, contracts blood vessels, speeds heart rate, speeds breathing, inhibits salivation, inhibits digestion, activates sweat glands

Question 25

name some functions of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

contracts pupils, slows heart rate, dilates blood vessels, activates salivation, slows breathing, stimulates digestion

Question 26

thyroid

Answer 26

regulates body metabolism rate

Question 27

ovary

Answer 27

secretes estrogen, female sex hormones

Question 28

pancreas

Answer 28

involved in digestion and mantainence of blood sugar levels

Question 29

pituitary gland

Answer 29

secretes growth hormone, directs other endocrine glands to release their hormones

Question 30

testis

Answer 30

secrets testosterone, male sex hormone

Question 31

adrenal glands

Answer 31

produce adrenaline (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

Question 32

hypothalamus

Answer 32

brain structure controlling the pituitary gland

Question 33

a complex psychological state that involves:  Autonomic nervous system–triggered physiological arousal  Outward behavioral expression of the emotion  Cognitive appraisal of the situation to determine the specific emotion and its intensity

Answer 33

emotion

Question 34

Limbic system

Answer 34

Plays a role in survival, memory, and emotions

Question 35

name the parts of the limbic systems

Answer 35

Hypothalamus  Hippocampus  Amygdala

Question 36

what are the 5 stages of sleep?

Answer 36

 Stage 1: Lasts about 5 minutes  Stage 2: Lasts about 20 minutes; sleep spindles  Stage 3: Transitional sleep; delta waves  Stage 4: Lasts about 30 minutes; active parasympathetic nervous system  Stage 5: REM sleep: paradoxical sleep

Question 37

Consciousness

Answer 37

Person's subjective awareness of both their inner thinking and feeling and their external environment

Question 38

what side of the brain is responsible for language, math, logical skills, and analyzing wholes into pieces?

Answer 38

Left hemisphere

Question 39

which side of the brain is responsible for spatial perception, solving spatial problems, drawing and facial recognition?

Answer 39

right hemisphere

Question 40

what is Broca's area?

Answer 40

 Located in left frontal lobe  Responsible for fluent speech production  When damaged, fluent speech generation damaged but comprehension left intact  Houses singing and musical abilities

Question 41

what is wernicke's area?

Answer 41

 Located in the temporal lobe  Responsible for the comprehension of speech and reading

Question 42

what are the four cerebral lobes?

Answer 42

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 43

includes motor cortex, which allows us to move different parts of our body

Answer 43

frontal cortex

Question 44

includes somatosensory cortex, where our body sensations of touch, temperature, limb position, and pain are processed

Answer 44

parietal cortex

Question 45

includes primary auditory complex where auditory, and sensory information is initially processed

Answer 45

temporal cortex

Question 46

includes primary visual cortex where visual sensory information is initially processed

Answer 46

occipital lobe

Question 47

Corpus callosum

Answer 47

Bridge of neurons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 48

Cerebral cortex

Answer 48

 Most important brain structure  Information processing center for nervous system  Center for all higher-level cognitive processing  Site of hemispheric communication

Question 49

Cornea

Answer 49

Clear covering of the eye through which light rays pass

Question 50

Pupil

Answer 50

Further filters the light rays through the lens before being passed to the retina at the back of the eye

Question 51

Lens

Answer 51

Focuses the light waves from objects of different distances directly on the retina, known as accommodation

Question 52

retina

Answer 52

The retina is the light-sensitive layer of the eye with three levels of cells

Question 53

Ganglion cells

Answer 53

the first layer through which light rays pass.

Question 54

light rays then pass through the _____

Answer 54

bipolar cells

Question 55

Rods

Answer 55

Receptor cells in the retina that are principally responsible for dim light and achromatic vision

Question 56

Cones

Answer 56

Receptor cells in the retina that are principally responsible for bright light and color vision