Psych Flashcards
1
Q
Classical Conditioning
A
Physical response to stimulus
2
Q
Operant
A
Positive reinforcment
- Negative: Removal of a bad stimulus with a good action
- Punishment: giving a bad action a bad stimulus
- Extinction
3
Q
Acting Out
A
Temper tantrum
4
Q
Dissociation
A
Stress leads to a complete change in personality
5
Q
Displacement
A
-Ideas a feeling are transferred to a neutral third party. Yell at kid because of problems at work
6
Q
Identification
A
- Seeing yourself as a more powerful person
- Abused child see’s themselves as the father
7
Q
Isolation
A
removal of feelings from events and ideas
8
Q
Projection
A
Internal negative feelings are attributed to an outside cause.
Husband who is cheating blames his wife for cheating
9
Q
Reaction Formation
A
Negative percieved actions are replaced by the exact opposite. Adulterous man joins a monastery
10
Q
Regression
A
-Go into immatuiry, more common in kids
11
Q
Repression (blocking)
A
- Involuntary blocking of emotons or memories
- Forget that something happened
12
Q
mature
A
below
13
Q
Altruism
A
-Negative feelings are replaced by generous actions that benefit others
14
Q
Sublimation
A
-Putting negative emotions into positive work
15
Q
Supression
A
Voluntarily withholding negative ideas
16
Q
ADHD
A
- Decreased Frontal Lobe volumes
- Tx: Methylphenidate and amphetamines, which will increase NE and DA in the frontal lobe
17
Q
Tourettes
A
- Tics must last more than 1 year
- Tx with antipsychotics
18
Q
Separation Anxiety
A
Can be treated with SSRI
19
Q
Rett
A
X linked
-All girls
Small head and severe loss of abilities after normal development for 1-4 years. Hand wringing
20
Q
Childhood disinegrative
A
Normal development for 2+ years followed by massive loss in social and self skills
21
Q
Anxiety
A
-Increase NE, Decrease GABA and 5HT
22
Q
Depression
A
-Decreased NE, DA, 5HT
23
Q
Alzheimers
A
decreased Ach, treat with centrally acting AchEI (Donepazil)
24
Q
Huntingtons
A
-Decrease GABA increase DA, decrease Ach
25
Schizophrenia
-Inreased DA
26
PArkinsons
Decreased DA increased Ach, 5HT
27
DIssociative Amnesia
-Loss of memory of important personal information following trauma.
28
Delerium
- Rapid onset of a loss of mental abilities, hypersomnolence
- Psychotic symptoms, hallucinations, etc
- Decreased attention span, decreased level of arousal and abnormal EEG
- Caused secondary to some other illness and thus reversible. Anticholinergics,
- May be treated with antipsychotics but also supportive care
29
Dementia
Gradual decline in mental capacity, especially memory
- Normal EEG
- Irreversible
30
Psychosis
Hallucinations, delusions, illusions, disorganized speech
- Visual: Drugs
- Auditory: mental illness
- Tactile: Alcohol and cocaine
- Olfactory: Siezures
31
Schizophrenia
Must last more than 6 months of psychotic disorder
-Positive symptoms (dellusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) also negative symptoms such as flat affect and social withdrawl
32
Brief Psychotic Disorder
-Arises in response to stress and lasts less than 1 month
33
Schizophreniform
-1-6 months
34
Schizoaffective
2 weeks of schizophrenia and mood disorder
35
Dellusional Disorder
-Fixed dellusion that lasts more than one month but does not affect ones day to day life
36
Mania
DIGFAST
- Disorganized speech, irritability, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, decreased sleep, talkative
- Hypomania is just a step below
37
Bipolar
- Characterized by manic episodes and depressed episodes
- Be sure to treat with mood stabalizer before givinig antidepressants as antidepressants could cause suicide
- Type I is manic and type 2 is hypomanic
38
Cyclothymia
Disorder that lasts 2 years or greater that has mild depression and hypomania
39
Major Depression
SIGMECAPS
| -Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Mood (Required), Energy, Concentration, appetite, Psychomotor slowing, Suicide
40
Dysthymia
-2 years plus of milder depressive symptoms
41
Atypical Depression
The most common subtype
- Can experience positive and negative mood in response to life changes.
- Hypersensitivity to rejection
- Psychomotor slowing, somnolence, weight gain
- TX with MAOI or SSRI
42
Postpartum
Blues: less than 14 days = crying, depressed affect, fatgue
Depression: longer than 2 weeks. Depressed mood and anxiety, poor concentration
Psychosis: Hallucinations, illusions, confusion. Danger to baby and must take away
43
Electroconvulsive therapy
- Induction of brief siezures in anethsatized patient
- Used to treat refractory, pregnant, or urgent psychosis
- May cause disorientation and anterograde/retrograde amnesia
44
Anxiety Disoerders
OCD, Panic, GAD, Social/specific phobia, agoraphibia, etc
45
Panic Disorder
- Severe acute somatic symptoms that interfere with daily life
- Tx: Benzos, SSRI, venlafaxine
46
Agoraphobia
- Intese anxiety and fear over a specific situation
| - Commonly associated with panic disorder
47
Specific Phobia
- Fear outside of what is reasonable, patient is usually aware
- Tx SSRI or CBT
48
Social Phobia
- Fear of performing in specific situations
- Restroom and public speaking are most common
- Can give beta blockers for public speaking and can CBT for restroom etc
49
OCD
- Obsessions and repetitive actions of tasks that are inconcsitent with beliefs and attitudes.
- Distinguish with Obsessive Compulsive personality where actions are consistent with ones own beliefs
- Tx: SSRI, clomipramine
- Commonly associated with tourettes
50
PTSD
Flashbacks and hieghtened vigalence in response to a tramatic event
- Must last more than a month or else is an acute stress disorder
- Treated with SSRI and CBT
51
GAD
Anxiety that is not related to a specific event or idea or person
- Present for more than 6 months
- SSRI, SNRI
52
ADjustment Disoreder
Emotional symptoms of depression and or anxiety in response to an identifiable emotional stressor
-Lasts shorter than 6 months
53
Somatization
-Multiple complaints in multiple organ systems before patient is 30 yers of age. Dont confuse with conversion
54
Conversion
- Loss of control motor or sensory following an acute stressor
- More common in women and young adults
-Patient may not always be aware of problem
55
Pain Disorder
Recurrent complaints that only revolve around pain
56
Hypochondriasis
-Inreasonable fear of SEVERE illness
57
Cluster A
- Odd thinking and impaired social relationships, commonly associated with schizophrenia
- Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid
58
Paranoid
-Distrust
59
Schizoid
-Lack of interest in social interaction. Voluntary isolation
60
Schizotypal
-Odd thining and eccentric behavior
61
Cluster B
-Impaired understanding of social norms. Associated with substance abuse and mood disorders
62
Antisocial
- Lack of respect and awarness of social bounds
| - Comes out of conduct disorder. Likely to be criminals and likey to hav substance abuse
63
Borderline
- Unstable activities and relationships.
- Self mutilation, emptiness
- Splitting is commmonly seen
64
Histrionic
- Obsessed with appearance
| - Sexually provacative and attention seeking
65
Narcasistic
- Grandiose ideas of self achievment and self entitlment
| - Meets disrespsect or criticism with rage
66
Cluster C
Anxious and worry disorders, highly associatedd with anxiety
67
Avoidant
Desires social relationships but is hypersensitive to rejection
68
Obsessive Compulsive
Obsesion with order and perfectionism
| -Consistent with ones own beliefs as opposed to OCD
69
Dependent
- Low self confidence and dependence on others
| - Submissive
70
Anorexa
Decreased weight, coexists with depression
71
Bulemia
Binging and purging, generally normal BMI
| -Scars on knuckles, parotiditis, enamal wasting
72
Transexualism vs transvestite
-Transexual actually wants to be the opposite gender and transvestite is just a paraphilia that wants to dress like one
73
Amphetamines
- Cause the release of caethacholamines from nerve terminals
- Hyper SANS stimulation
- Risk of siezures and heart attack
- Acidification of urine will increase excretion rate
74
Substance abuse stages
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Planning
- Action
- Maintenance
- Relapse
75
Alcohol
- Respiratory depression, especially if combined with other sedatives
- Serum gamma gltamuyl transferase, also AST is 2x ALT
76
Delerium Tremens
- Hyperactivation of SANS, peaks at 2-5 days post stop drinking
- Begins with hypertension, siezures
- Hallucinations (tactile)
- Confusion, coma, death
77
Malory Weis
tear
78
Other conditoi
Anemia megaloblastic
Testicular atrophy
vitamin deficency
Cirrhosis, HCC, SCC oral
79
WK
Opthalmolpegia, Ataxia, Amnesia
| -Anterograde amnesia leads to confabulations
80
Opiods
Respiratory and CNS depression
- decreased gag reflex and siezures
- Do not give oxygen and give naloxone which is a mu antagonist
- Naltrexone is a weaker antagonist and best used for withdrawl symptoms
- Methadone has longer half life and is used to treat withdrawl
- Buprenoprhine is a partial agonist and is often given with naltrexone
- Withdrawl is cold turkey with flu like symptoms, anxiety, diahhrea, rhinorrhea, yawning
81
Barbiturates
- Induce GABA current
- Can cause repiratory depression and reduced BP leading to death
- Tx is supportive
82
Benzos
GABAa partial agonist, inlikely to cuase respiratory depression and death
- Flumezanil is competeitve antagonist at benzo binding site
- Rebound anxiety and changes in sleep are seen in rapid withdrawl
83
COcaine
- Poor judgment, paranoia, hallucinations
- No beligerance or nystagmus (differentiation from PCP)
- Can cause siezures and cardiac arrest
- Tx of overdose with benzos
84
Nicotine
Withdrawl can be treated with buproprion and varenicline
85
PCP
Belligerance and nystagmus
- Trauma is the most common cause of death
- Can also get rhabdo
- Tx: benzo
86
Marijauna
- Anxiety, parnoia, laziness and apetite
- Dry mouth and conjunctival injection from vasodilation
- Withdrawl can cause irritability, depression, insomnia, etc
