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Boards 2 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Physical response to stimulus

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2
Q

Operant

A

Positive reinforcment

  • Negative: Removal of a bad stimulus with a good action
  • Punishment: giving a bad action a bad stimulus
  • Extinction
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3
Q

Acting Out

A

Temper tantrum

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4
Q

Dissociation

A

Stress leads to a complete change in personality

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5
Q

Displacement

A

-Ideas a feeling are transferred to a neutral third party. Yell at kid because of problems at work

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6
Q

Identification

A
  • Seeing yourself as a more powerful person

- Abused child see’s themselves as the father

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7
Q

Isolation

A

removal of feelings from events and ideas

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8
Q

Projection

A

Internal negative feelings are attributed to an outside cause.
Husband who is cheating blames his wife for cheating

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9
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Negative percieved actions are replaced by the exact opposite. Adulterous man joins a monastery

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10
Q

Regression

A

-Go into immatuiry, more common in kids

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11
Q

Repression (blocking)

A
  • Involuntary blocking of emotons or memories

- Forget that something happened

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12
Q

mature

A

below

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13
Q

Altruism

A

-Negative feelings are replaced by generous actions that benefit others

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14
Q

Sublimation

A

-Putting negative emotions into positive work

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15
Q

Supression

A

Voluntarily withholding negative ideas

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16
Q

ADHD

A
  • Decreased Frontal Lobe volumes

- Tx: Methylphenidate and amphetamines, which will increase NE and DA in the frontal lobe

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17
Q

Tourettes

A
  • Tics must last more than 1 year

- Tx with antipsychotics

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18
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

Can be treated with SSRI

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19
Q

Rett

A

X linked
-All girls
Small head and severe loss of abilities after normal development for 1-4 years. Hand wringing

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20
Q

Childhood disinegrative

A

Normal development for 2+ years followed by massive loss in social and self skills

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21
Q

Anxiety

A

-Increase NE, Decrease GABA and 5HT

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22
Q

Depression

A

-Decreased NE, DA, 5HT

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23
Q

Alzheimers

A

decreased Ach, treat with centrally acting AchEI (Donepazil)

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24
Q

Huntingtons

A

-Decrease GABA increase DA, decrease Ach

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25
Q

Schizophrenia

A

-Inreased DA

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26
Q

PArkinsons

A

Decreased DA increased Ach, 5HT

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27
Q

DIssociative Amnesia

A

-Loss of memory of important personal information following trauma.

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28
Q

Delerium

A
  • Rapid onset of a loss of mental abilities, hypersomnolence
  • Psychotic symptoms, hallucinations, etc
  • Decreased attention span, decreased level of arousal and abnormal EEG
  • Caused secondary to some other illness and thus reversible. Anticholinergics,
  • May be treated with antipsychotics but also supportive care
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29
Q

Dementia

A

Gradual decline in mental capacity, especially memory

  • Normal EEG
  • Irreversible
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30
Q

Psychosis

A

Hallucinations, delusions, illusions, disorganized speech

  • Visual: Drugs
  • Auditory: mental illness
  • Tactile: Alcohol and cocaine
  • Olfactory: Siezures
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31
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Must last more than 6 months of psychotic disorder
-Positive symptoms (dellusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) also negative symptoms such as flat affect and social withdrawl

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32
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

-Arises in response to stress and lasts less than 1 month

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33
Q

Schizophreniform

A

-1-6 months

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34
Q

Schizoaffective

A

2 weeks of schizophrenia and mood disorder

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35
Q

Dellusional Disorder

A

-Fixed dellusion that lasts more than one month but does not affect ones day to day life

36
Q

Mania

A

DIGFAST

  • Disorganized speech, irritability, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, decreased sleep, talkative
  • Hypomania is just a step below
37
Q

Bipolar

A
  • Characterized by manic episodes and depressed episodes
  • Be sure to treat with mood stabalizer before givinig antidepressants as antidepressants could cause suicide
  • Type I is manic and type 2 is hypomanic
38
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Disorder that lasts 2 years or greater that has mild depression and hypomania

39
Q

Major Depression

A

SIGMECAPS

-Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Mood (Required), Energy, Concentration, appetite, Psychomotor slowing, Suicide

40
Q

Dysthymia

A

-2 years plus of milder depressive symptoms

41
Q

Atypical Depression

A

The most common subtype

  • Can experience positive and negative mood in response to life changes.
  • Hypersensitivity to rejection
  • Psychomotor slowing, somnolence, weight gain
  • TX with MAOI or SSRI
42
Q

Postpartum

A

Blues: less than 14 days = crying, depressed affect, fatgue
Depression: longer than 2 weeks. Depressed mood and anxiety, poor concentration
Psychosis: Hallucinations, illusions, confusion. Danger to baby and must take away

43
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A
  • Induction of brief siezures in anethsatized patient
  • Used to treat refractory, pregnant, or urgent psychosis
  • May cause disorientation and anterograde/retrograde amnesia
44
Q

Anxiety Disoerders

A

OCD, Panic, GAD, Social/specific phobia, agoraphibia, etc

45
Q

Panic Disorder

A
  • Severe acute somatic symptoms that interfere with daily life
  • Tx: Benzos, SSRI, venlafaxine
46
Q

Agoraphobia

A
  • Intese anxiety and fear over a specific situation

- Commonly associated with panic disorder

47
Q

Specific Phobia

A
  • Fear outside of what is reasonable, patient is usually aware
  • Tx SSRI or CBT
48
Q

Social Phobia

A
  • Fear of performing in specific situations
  • Restroom and public speaking are most common
  • Can give beta blockers for public speaking and can CBT for restroom etc
49
Q

OCD

A
  • Obsessions and repetitive actions of tasks that are inconcsitent with beliefs and attitudes.
  • Distinguish with Obsessive Compulsive personality where actions are consistent with ones own beliefs
  • Tx: SSRI, clomipramine
  • Commonly associated with tourettes
50
Q

PTSD

A

Flashbacks and hieghtened vigalence in response to a tramatic event

  • Must last more than a month or else is an acute stress disorder
  • Treated with SSRI and CBT
51
Q

GAD

A

Anxiety that is not related to a specific event or idea or person

  • Present for more than 6 months
  • SSRI, SNRI
52
Q

ADjustment Disoreder

A

Emotional symptoms of depression and or anxiety in response to an identifiable emotional stressor
-Lasts shorter than 6 months

53
Q

Somatization

A

-Multiple complaints in multiple organ systems before patient is 30 yers of age. Dont confuse with conversion

54
Q

Conversion

A
  • Loss of control motor or sensory following an acute stressor
  • More common in women and young adults

-Patient may not always be aware of problem

55
Q

Pain Disorder

A

Recurrent complaints that only revolve around pain

56
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

-Inreasonable fear of SEVERE illness

57
Q

Cluster A

A
  • Odd thinking and impaired social relationships, commonly associated with schizophrenia
  • Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid
58
Q

Paranoid

A

-Distrust

59
Q

Schizoid

A

-Lack of interest in social interaction. Voluntary isolation

60
Q

Schizotypal

A

-Odd thining and eccentric behavior

61
Q

Cluster B

A

-Impaired understanding of social norms. Associated with substance abuse and mood disorders

62
Q

Antisocial

A
  • Lack of respect and awarness of social bounds

- Comes out of conduct disorder. Likely to be criminals and likey to hav substance abuse

63
Q

Borderline

A
  • Unstable activities and relationships.
  • Self mutilation, emptiness
  • Splitting is commmonly seen
64
Q

Histrionic

A
  • Obsessed with appearance

- Sexually provacative and attention seeking

65
Q

Narcasistic

A
  • Grandiose ideas of self achievment and self entitlment

- Meets disrespsect or criticism with rage

66
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious and worry disorders, highly associatedd with anxiety

67
Q

Avoidant

A

Desires social relationships but is hypersensitive to rejection

68
Q

Obsessive Compulsive

A

Obsesion with order and perfectionism

-Consistent with ones own beliefs as opposed to OCD

69
Q

Dependent

A
  • Low self confidence and dependence on others

- Submissive

70
Q

Anorexa

A

Decreased weight, coexists with depression

71
Q

Bulemia

A

Binging and purging, generally normal BMI

-Scars on knuckles, parotiditis, enamal wasting

72
Q

Transexualism vs transvestite

A

-Transexual actually wants to be the opposite gender and transvestite is just a paraphilia that wants to dress like one

73
Q

Amphetamines

A
  • Cause the release of caethacholamines from nerve terminals
  • Hyper SANS stimulation
  • Risk of siezures and heart attack
  • Acidification of urine will increase excretion rate
74
Q

Substance abuse stages

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Planning
  • Action
  • Maintenance
  • Relapse
75
Q

Alcohol

A
  • Respiratory depression, especially if combined with other sedatives
  • Serum gamma gltamuyl transferase, also AST is 2x ALT
76
Q

Delerium Tremens

A
  • Hyperactivation of SANS, peaks at 2-5 days post stop drinking
  • Begins with hypertension, siezures
  • Hallucinations (tactile)
  • Confusion, coma, death
77
Q

Malory Weis

A

tear

78
Q

Other conditoi

A

Anemia megaloblastic
Testicular atrophy
vitamin deficency
Cirrhosis, HCC, SCC oral

79
Q

WK

A

Opthalmolpegia, Ataxia, Amnesia

-Anterograde amnesia leads to confabulations

80
Q

Opiods

A

Respiratory and CNS depression

  • decreased gag reflex and siezures
  • Do not give oxygen and give naloxone which is a mu antagonist
  • Naltrexone is a weaker antagonist and best used for withdrawl symptoms
  • Methadone has longer half life and is used to treat withdrawl
  • Buprenoprhine is a partial agonist and is often given with naltrexone
  • Withdrawl is cold turkey with flu like symptoms, anxiety, diahhrea, rhinorrhea, yawning
81
Q

Barbiturates

A
  • Induce GABA current
  • Can cause repiratory depression and reduced BP leading to death
  • Tx is supportive
82
Q

Benzos

A

GABAa partial agonist, inlikely to cuase respiratory depression and death

  • Flumezanil is competeitve antagonist at benzo binding site
  • Rebound anxiety and changes in sleep are seen in rapid withdrawl
83
Q

COcaine

A
  • Poor judgment, paranoia, hallucinations
  • No beligerance or nystagmus (differentiation from PCP)
  • Can cause siezures and cardiac arrest
  • Tx of overdose with benzos
84
Q

Nicotine

A

Withdrawl can be treated with buproprion and varenicline

85
Q

PCP

A

Belligerance and nystagmus

  • Trauma is the most common cause of death
  • Can also get rhabdo
  • Tx: benzo
86
Q

Marijauna

A
  • Anxiety, parnoia, laziness and apetite
  • Dry mouth and conjunctival injection from vasodilation
  • Withdrawl can cause irritability, depression, insomnia, etc

Boards 2 (12 decks)

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