Psych 351 Final

Question 1

Observational Learning

Answer 1

The process by which individuals are influenced by others behaviors

Question 2

What three crucial sequential stages occur during observational learning?

Answer 2

Exposure, Acquisition, and Acceptance

Question 3

Exposure

Answer 3

The observation of the models behavior

Question 4

Acquisition

Answer 4

The learning of the models behavior

Pay attention and remember

Question 5

Acceptance

Answer 5

refers to the observer accepting the models behavior as a guide for their own

Question 6

Specific imitation

Answer 6

Observer engages in the same behavior as the model

Question 7

Specific counterimitation

Answer 7

Observer does exactly the opposite of what the model did

Question 8

General imitation

Answer 8

Observer behaves similarly(not exactly) like the model

Question 9

General counterimitation

Answer 9

Observer behaves differently( but not exactly in a direct opposite way from the model)

Question 10

Two types of modeling

Answer 10

Live Model: Observed in person

Symbolic Model: Observed indirectly

Question 11

5 functions of modeling

Answer 11

Teaching, Pronpting, Motivating, Reducing Anxiety, Discouraging

Question 12

Self Modeling

Answer 12

Clients serve as their own models of adaptive functioning

Question 13

Covert self-modeling

Answer 13

Individual imagines themselves engaging in target behavior

Question 14

Video-self modeling

Answer 14

videos are made of the individual performing target behavior

Question 15

Vicarious Extension

Answer 15

When a model demonstartws the anxiety evoking behavior without incurring negative consequences

Question 16

Coping Model

Answer 16

A model who is initially fearful and incompetent, who gradually becomes more confident and skilled engaging in the anxiety-evoking behavior

Question 17

Mastery Model

Answer 17

Expert who shows no fear & is competent from the start

Question 18

Participant modeling

Answer 18

Guided participation:Therapists models anxiety-evoking behavior for client then verbally encourages and physically guides the clients engagement in behavior
Modeling to Prompting to Fading prompts

Question 19

Perceived self-efficacy

Answer 19

belief individuals have that they can be successful at a task

Question 20

Self-efficacy

Answer 20

more vigor & persistence in behavior

Question 21

Skills training

Answer 21

client must have 
Knowledge
Proficiency
Discrimination(Know when to engage in the skill)
Motivation

Question 22

Modeling as a key component in skills training

Answer 22

Modeling communucates subleties of performing complex skills

Question 23

Assertive Behavior

Answer 23

Behavior which reflects your wishes/needs and simultaneously maintains respect for others

Question 24

Goals of assertiveness training

Answer 24

increase ability to use assertive behavior,
decrease anxiety associated with assertive behavior
educate about assertive vs aggressive behavior

Question 25

Two major goals of ACT

Answer 25

Acceptance of uncontrolled and unwanted thoughts and feelings Commitmemt and action in the service of a life congruent with the client

Question 26

Self Instructional Training

Answer 26

Invironment that uses both cognitive and behavioral interventions in which clients are taught to use self-statement instructionsto cope more effectively in difficult situations

Question 27

Self-Instructional Training Steps

Answer 27

Cognitive Modeling: Model performings task with overt self-talk Cognitive Participant Modeling: Client performs while model verbalizes Overt Self-Instructions: Client performs while verbalizing out loud Fading of over Self-Instructions: Client performs while whispering Covert Self-Instructions: Client performs while saying instructions to self

Question 28

Cognitive Restructure therapy

Answer 28

recognizing maladaptive cognitions and substituting more adaptive cognitions for them

Question 29

Cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy

Answer 29

Teaches clients adaptive responses-both cognitive and overt behavioral-to deal effectively w/ difficult situations

Question 30

self talk

Answer 30

what people say to themselves when they are thinking

Question 31

the first step in cognitive-restructuring therapy is

Answer 31

for the clients to become aware of their self talk,especially before,during, and after their problem behaviors occur

Question 32

4 basic methods used to assess clients cognitions

Answer 32

interview, self recording, direct self report inventory, think aloud procedures

Question 33

methods used to assess clients cognitions differ along 5 dimensions

Answer 33

1) timing 2) degree of structure(open ended, forced choice) 3) mode of response (written,oral) 4) nature of the stimulus(written scenario,simulated version) 5) source of evaluation(by client, by the therapist)

Question 34

think-aloud approach

Answer 34

requires clients to verbalize their thoughts while engaging in a simulated task

Question 35

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Answer 35

Treatment that employs cognitive restructuring to change the irrational thoughts that cause psychological problems such as anxiety, guilt

Question 36

According to ellis's rational emotive theory, what creates psychological problems

Answer 36

the interpretations people make of events in their lives

Question 37

absolute thinking

Answer 37

viewing an event in an all-or-none, black-or-white fashion

Question 38

overgeneralization

Answer 38

drawing the conclusion that all instances of a situation will turn out a certain way because it's happened once or twice before

Question 39

catastrophizing

Answer 39

seeing minor situations as disastrous

Question 40

2 themes that Ellis says run through irrational ideas that lead to psychological problems

Answer 40

1) Personal worthlessness | 2) Sense of duty

Question 41

3 major procedures used in REBT

Answer 41

1) Identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs 2) challenge irrational beliefs 3) replacing thoughts based on irrational beliefs w/ thoughts based on rational beliefs

Question 42

Automatic thoughts

Answer 42

how Beck refers to maladaptive beliefs, emphasizes how clients experience their distorted beliefs

Question 43

cognitive interventions

Answer 43

based on cognitive restructuring, changes clients cognitions directly

Question 44

Schema

Answer 44

a broad, pervasive, cognitive theme about oneself,others, or the world

Question 45

schemas are identified as

Answer 45

self report inventories, interviews, etc

Question 46

schema activation

Answer 46

once schemas are ID'd, therapist activates them through imagery/role playing