PSYCH ASSESSMENT Flashcards
Goodluck on your Psych Assessment!!! GANBARE!!! (116 cards)
1
Q
Receiving message about the world.
A
Sensation
2
Q
enables s to see, hear, taste, smell, touch, balance, and experience such as feeling of
body stiffness, soreness, fullness, warmth, pleasure, pain, and movement. Operate
through the sensory receptor cells.
A
Sense Organ
3
Q
is any aspect of the outside world that directly influences our behavior of conscious
experience.
A
Stimulus
4
Q
the process converting stimuli into codes of electrochemical impulse that the neurons
can carry and the brain understands.
A
Transduction
5
Q
the smallest magnitude that can be detected
A
Absolute Threshold
6
Q
the smallest difference between two stimuli that subjects can detect half the time
A
Difference Threshold
7
Q
weakened magnitude of a sensation resulting from a prolonged presentation of the
stimulus.
A
Sensory Adaptation
8
Q
The receptor organ:
A
The Eye
9
Q
The Receptor Cells
A
Photoreceptors (rodes and cones)
10
Q
Stimulus in Vision
A
Light (Electromagnetic energy)
11
Q
the transparent bulge at the front of the eye where light enters
A
Cornea
12
Q
the white opaque outer wall of the eye
A
Sclera
13
Q
clear fluid that fills the front chamber of the eye
A
Aqueous Humor
14
Q
an opening surrounded by the iris through which light passes into the eye
A
Pupil
15
Q
the pigmented muscular curtain near the front of the eye, between the cornea and the lens, that is perforated by an opening called the _____
A
Iris
16
Q
a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside
A
Retina
17
Q
the _______ _____ connects the eye to the brain
A
Optic Nerve
18
Q
the visual dimension seen as a particular color; determined by the length of a light wave
A
Hue
19
Q
the intensity of color; determined by the height of a light wave as such that the higher the wave, the greater the amplitude, and the brighter the color
A
Brightness
20
Q
the bulging and flattering of the lens in order to focus an image on the retina
A
Accomodations
21
Q
Receptors in the retina that are most sensitive in dim light; do not respond to color.
A
Rods
22
Q
Receptors in the retina to color and fine detail.
A
Cones
23
Q
Visual adjustment that increases the sensitivity of the rods and cones and allows us to see better in dim light
A
Dark Adaptation
24
Q
The visual adjustment of the rods and cones that reduces sensitivity to bright light
A
Light Adaptation
25
Nearsightedness (Vision Problem)
Myopia
26
Farsightedness (Vision Problem)
Hyperopia
27
Night-blindedness (Vision Problem)
Nyctalopia
28
Farsightedness at old age (Vision Problem)
Presbyopia
29
Increased pressure within the eyeball (Vision Problem)
Glaucoma
30
A disorder in which the lens becomes cloudy (Vision Problem)
Cataract
31
The eye is the correct shape. The light rays focus on the retina. (Near and Far sighted)
Normal Eye
32
The eye is too long. The light rays focus in front of the retina. (Blurry at a distance) (Near and Far sighted)
Nearsighted Eyes
33
The eye is too short. The light rays focus behind the retina. (Blurry close up) (Near and Far sighted)
Farsighted Eyes
34
Caused by defective cones in the retina of the eye and as a more general term.
Color blindness ( more accurate term: Color deficient Vision)
35
People either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all.
Monochrome color blindness
36
Essentially, if they have cones, they only have one type and, therefore, everything looks the same to the brain
Shades of Gray
37
Are caused by the same kind of problem-having one cones that does not work properly.
Dichromatic Vision
38
Due to lack of functioning red cones.
Protanopia
39
Results from the lack of functioning green cones.
Deuteranopia
40
By Doctor Shinobu Ishihara
Color Blind Test (1917)
41
Only with good color vision people can see the sign; color blind individuals will not be able to see it (Different Designs)
Vanishing Design
42
Color blind people will see different sign than people color vision handicap (Different Design)
Transforming Design
43
Only color blind people can spot the sign (Different Design)
Hidden Digit Design
44
This is used to differentiate between red and green blindness (Different Design)
Classification Design
45
Receptor organ: (Hearing)
The Ear
46
Receptor cells: (Hearing)
Skin Hair
47
Stimulus: (Hearing)
Sound Waves
48
Visible external part of the ear that serves as a kind of concentrator funneling the sound waves from the outside into the structure of the ear. It is a funnel shape, fleshy part of the outer ear that we think of as the ear. (Outer Ear)
Pinna
49
The short tunnel that runs down to the tympanic membrane or eradrum. (Outer Ear)
Auditory Canal
50
The membrane located between the auditory canal and the middle ear that vibrates sound waves. (Outer Ear)
Tympanic Membrane
51
3 small bones of the middle ear (mallues, incus, stapes) (Middle Ear)
Ossicles
52
What are the three (3) bones in the middle ear (Ossicles)?
Mallues, Incus and Stapes
53
The membrane of cochlea that is moved by the stapes. (Middle Ear)
Oval Window
54
tThe inner ear that contains the hair cells. It is filled with fluid. The oval window vibrates it causes the ______ to vibrates. (Inner Ear)
Cochlea
55
Auditory receptor of the cochlea. (Inner Ear)
Hair Cells
56
The cranial nerve that carries auditory information from the hair cells to the brain. (Inner Ear)
Auditory Nerve
57
How do we really hear?
The sound waves are gather and funnel into outer ear by the retina. The Pinna channels the sound waves into the auditory canal. As the incoming sound waves hit the eardrum,
it vibrates the exact frequency and amplitude. This vibration causes the ossicles to vibrate in rocking motion in syndrony with the sound waves.
58
vibration of the air or of another medium that vary in frequency and amplitude. Intensity: density of vibration air molecules, which determine the loudness of sound.
Sound Waves
59
The highness or lowness of tones or sounds, depending on their frequency.
Pitch
60
The characteristic quality of a sound as determined by the complexity of hertz (a unit of frequency representing one cycle (vibration) per second.
Timbre
61
Measurement of the intensity of perceived sound.
Decibel(s)
62
Temporary deafness caused by the building up of fluid that prevents the eardrum and ossicles from vibrating. (Hearing Problem)
Conduction Deafness
63
Hearing loss that stems from damage to the nerve cells in the cochlea or by the simple process of aging. (Hearing Problem)
Nerve Deafness
64
The receptor organ: (Touch)
Skin
65
Receptor Cells: (Touch)
Meissner’s Corpuscle, Merkei’s discs, free nerve endings, Krause’s end bulb, Pacinian Corpuscle, Corpuscle of Ruffini, Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscle
66
Caused by anything that comes in contact with the skin. (Sensation of the body)
Pressure Sensation
67
Caused by the stimulus being strong enough to cause damage to skin (Sensation of the body)
Pain Sensation
68
The experience of heat is caused by the stimulation of _____ (Sensation of touch)
Cold and Warmth Sensation
69
The Receptor Organ: (Smell)
Nose
70
Receptor cells: (Smell)
Olfactory Receptors
71
Stimuli: (Smell)
Gaseous Substances (Chemical Energy)
72
Wearing-off of olfactory sensitivity to odors which seem initially overpowering.
Adaptation
73
Loss of smell
Anosmia
74
SEVEN WIDELY CLASSIFICATION OF ODORS AND THEIR EXAMPLES
Floral (roses)
Musky (musky oil)
Resinous (Camphor)
Putrid (rotten eggs)
Ethereal (pears)
Minty (Peppermint)
Acrid (vinegar)
75
The Receptor Organ: (Taste)
Tongue
76
Receptor cells (Taste)
Taste Cells
77
Stimuli: (Taste)
Liquids and Soluble Substances
78
Taste receptors for four basic
sensations
Sweet, Salty, Sour, and bitter
79
Small bumps on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds.
Papillae
80
Are flask-like structures containing taste cells in the papillae
Taste Buds
81
Both smell and taste are working
Global Sensation
82
Loss of the sense of taste
Ageusia
83
The general term for our sense of body position, involve two senses.
1. Kinesthetic
2. Vestibular
Proprioception
84
Sense of movement
Kinesthetic Sense
85
Also called as equilibratory of labyrinthine sense (Sense of Balance)
Vestibular Sense
86
Organic Sensitivity
Throughout our bodies, whenever blood vessels go, there are free nerve ending that acts as receptor. Some of these are for pain reception and others are for various other kinds of sensations - such as the feeling of nausea or upset stomach or other different feelings that seem to come from inside us. All these sensations are group together and are called organic sensitivity.
87
INTERRELATION OF THE SENSES
All are senses send information to the central nervous system where it is coordinated and used. Because we are not conscious that this coordination is going on, we are able to concentrate on meeting the both situation that we are confronted with.
88
CONSCIOUSNESS
How we perceive and become aware of our world
89
The information in our surroundings is more than just paying attention to it, as further processing is required. This process is known as ______
Perception
90
Generates a meaningful experience from the information. Interpreting sensory messages. Process where raw, neural, energy (sensation) is organized and interpreted.
Perception
91
A highly important sensing system where it works better than other perceptual systems do in telling us something about the world.
Visual Perception
92
Important Process of perception
ATTENTION, ORGANIZATION, AND INTERPRETATION
93
Basic factor in perception. The psychological process of focusing on certain stimuli while trying to ignore others (Neil)
Attention
94
The strength of stimulus, ex. Loudness of sound (Getting Devices)
Intensity
95
Attract attention easily than others (Getting Devices)
Colors
96
Move, can stationary (Getting Devices)
Mobiles
97
Unusual and strangeness of stimulus (Getting Devices)
Novelty
98
Proportion of stimulus (Getting Devices)
Size
99
Setting, strategic position of the stimulus (Getting Devices)
Location
100
Attention getting type (Getting Devices)
Nature
101
The tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged, in spite of changes in raw sensations.
Brightness Constancy
Color Constancy
Size Constancy
Shape Constancy
Perceptual Constancy
102
The ability to accurately estimate the distance of perceived objects and thereby perceive the word in three-dimensions.
Depth Perception
103
The product of perceiving a three dimensional world using both eyes. (Depth Perception)
Binoculars Depth Cues
104
The product of perceiving a three dimensional world using each eye separately. (Depth Perception)
Monocular Depth Cues
105
These are the Monocular Cues:
Texture Gradient
Linear Perspective
Superposition
Shadowing
Motion Parallax
Aerial Perspective
Relative Size
106
Are information (or cues) taken in by two eyes (binocular), versus one eye (monocular)
Convergence
107
Defines as the way that your left eye and your right eye view slightly different images.
Retinal Disparity
108
Concerned with the location of sound. Also consider distance and direction.
[Rule]: The Louder the sound, the nearer the source.
Auditory Perception
109
4 Factors that influence interpretation:
Past, Motives, Interests and Sets.
110
What are the features of perception?
Perception is knowledge-based, Perception is often inferential, Perception is categorical, Perception is relational,
Perception is adaptive, Perception is autonomic
111
Is a phenomenon that occurs when you must say the color of a word but not the name of the word.
The Stroop Effect
112
Refers to the transfer of thoughts between individuals. (ESP)
Telepathy
113
Perception of objects or events that are not available to the senses. (ESP)
Clairvoyance
114
The ability to influence the movement of material bodies by the power of thought alone. (ESP)
Psychokinesis
115
The ability to foretell future events.
Precognition
116
A science devoted to investigations of physical phenomena.
Parapsychology
