psych ch 2

Question 1

startegies to understand human behavior (3)

Answer 1

experience, intuition, patterns

Question 2

psychologist empiricists have no

Answer 2

opinions, beliefs, common sense

Question 3

psychologist epiricists process

Answer 3

basing confidence in idea of systematic observations of world, research studies

Question 4

theory data cycle

Answer 4

process scientists collect data to confirm/deny theory

Question 5

theory data cycle path

Answer 5

theory, hypothesis, design, data, compare

Question 6

what happens if theory data does not support idea

Answer 6

redesign study, reject theory

Question 7

variable

Answer 7

something of interest that varies

Question 8

dependent variable

Answer 8

being measured

Question 9

independent variable

Answer 9

namipulated, control

Question 10

self report

Answer 10

rating on scale, interview/survey

Question 11

direct observation

Answer 11

observe record occurence of behavior

Question 12

operationalized definition

Answer 12

specific way to measure/mani variable

Question 13

descriptive research

Answer 13

one variable studied at a time

Question 14

self report method

Answer 14

rep random sample of larger pop

Question 15

benefits of self report

Answer 15

low cost, qick, large data

Question 16

cons of self report

Answer 16

not accurate, only ask certain questions

Question 17

observational method

Answer 17

measure variable by observing/recording what people do

Question 18

naturalistic observe

Answer 18

watch in normal everyday enviro

Question 19

big data

Answer 19

large data sets acquired w technology to conduct research

Question 20

pro and con of observational method

Answer 20

longer time, more accurate

Question 21

case study

Answer 21

study 1/2 individuals in depth, often unique conditions

Question 22

pros of case study

Answer 22

theoretical insights, research inspirations, study rare phenomena

Question 23

cons of case study

Answer 23

don’t generalize to public, time consuming, no control group

Question 24

correlational studies

Answer 24

measure 2+ variables in same sample of people, observes relationship

Question 25

positive scatterplot

Answer 25

increase and decrease together

Question 26

negative scatterplot

Answer 26

one up one down

Question 27

stronger relationship means better

Answer 27

predictions

Question 28

causation

Answer 28

2+ var correlated, no alt reasoning

Question 29

third variable problem

Answer 29

alternative reasoning for correlation pattern

Question 30

experimental research

Answer 30

variables measured and manipulated, provides causation

Question 31

random sampling

Answer 31

random group out of bigger pop

Question 32

random assignment

Answer 32

seperates random sample into control and placebo group

Question 33

within subject alt

Answer 33

each subject serves as own control

Question 34

validity

Answer 34

appropriateness of conclusion

Question 35

construct validity

Answer 35

hwo accurately operationalization in study capture variable of interest

Question 36

reliability

Answer 36

measure yields consistent results each time administered

Question 37

procedural fidelity

Answer 37

how well ind variable manipulated as planned

Question 38

external validity

Answer 38

degree at whihc it is reasonable to generalize from studys same to pop of interest

Question 39

internal validity

Answer 39

rule out alternative explainations of relationship with 2+ variables

Question 40

statistics

Answer 40

analyze numbers, relationships

Question 41

stat examples

Answer 41

mean median mode standard deviation

Question 42

correlation scale

Answer 42

0-1

Question 43

weak correlation

Answer 43

.1

Question 44

medium correlation

Answer 44

.3

Question 45

strong correlation

Answer 45

.5+

Question 46

experimental scale ( Cohens D)

Answer 46

mean differences/SD

Question 47

small effect size

Answer 47

.2

Question 48

medium effect size

Answer 48

.5

Question 49

large effect size

Answer 49

.8+

Question 50

inferentional statistics

Answer 50

estimate whether results rep true relationship or dif in pop

Question 51

null hypothesis

Answer 51

assumes no relationship

Question 52

meta analysis

Answer 52

average of all studies testing same variable

Question 53

instituional review board

Answer 53

local panel that determines if study lives up to communities ethical standards

Question 54

core ethical standards

Answer 54

autonomy, beneficiance, justice

Question 55

autonomy

Answer 55

decide to participate or not

Question 56

beneficiance

Answer 56

benefits outweigh risks

Question 57

justice

Answer 57

participants represent population who benefitsi

Question 58

institutional animal care and use committee

Answer 58

committee the reviews proposals for animal research

Question 59

guiding principles for animal research

Answer 59

replacement, refinement, reduction

Question 60

replacement

Answer 60

fins other alt for animals when possible

Question 61

refinement

Answer 61

modify procedures to minimize animal distress

Question 62

reduction

Answer 62

use fewest animals possible

Question 63

using animals support animal

Answer 63

welfare but not animal rights

Question 64

animal rights supporters

Answer 64

believe animals should not be in research, can't give consent and not benefitted from