Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 3A > Psych condensed > Flashcards

Psych condensed Flashcards

(110 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is an advanced directive?

A

Legally binding document - Made with capacity

Stipulates patients refusal of certain medical interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the court of protection?

A

Make decisions if no LPA

Resolves disputes if there is disagreement with treatment plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are DOLS?

A

Allows deprivation of liberty over someone who lacks capacity
Legal framework for hospital / care environment if it is in patient’s best interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 5 principles of the mental health act

A

Maximize patient and public safety

Minimize the impact of mental illness on the patient

Minimize restriction of liberty

Use the least restrictive option

Effectiveness of proposed treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe section 2 of MHA

A

ASSESSMENT

Duration - 28 days

2 doctors - S12 and AMHP

Can be coercively treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe section 3 of MHA

A

TREATMENT

Duration - 6m

2 doctors - S12 and AMHP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe section 4 of MHA

A

EMERGENCY

Duration - 72 hours

Proffesionals - 1 doctor and AMHP

Usually converted to S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe a section 5(2)

A

DOCTOR order

Duration - 72hours

For patient already admitted

No coercieve treatment - just legal framework to restrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe a Section 5(4)

A

NURSES order

Duration - 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe a section 135

A

Court order to enter house and move to place of safety for assessment

Proffesionals - ASW + medical professional + Polcie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a section 136

A

Duration 24 hours

Arrest a person and bring to place of safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the key principles of MCA

A

Assume capacity

Least restrictive option to patients rights

Respect unwise decisions

Decisions must be in their best interests

Help must be given to aid in their capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an illusion

A

Misinterpretation of real external stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a hallucination

A

Perception in absence of external stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a delusion

A

false belief firmly maintained despite evidence of contrary

Out of keeping with patients social and cultural background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of antipsychotics

A

Block parasympathetic D2 receptors in mesolimbic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What pathways are affected by excess dopamine in schizophrenia

A

Mesoimbic - Positive sx

Mesocortical - Negative sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What pathways do antipsychotics target / have an effect on

A

Block D2 receptors - Mesolimbic

Hyperprolactniaemia - Tuberoinfundibular

EPSE - Nigrostriatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should antipsychotics be cautioned

A

Elderly - Stroke and VTE risk

Drugs prolonging QT - Amiodarone / Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the side effects of typical antipsychotics

A 
EPSE 
Drowsy 
Hypotension 
QT Prolongation 
Erectile dysfunction 
Hyperprolactinameia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

Metabolic disturbance - Lipid changes / DM
Weight gain
Prolonged QT interval
Hyperprolactinameia - Sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long should you continue antipsychotics after an acute episode

A

5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name 5 side effects of clozapine

A 
Reduce seizure threshold 
Agranulocytosis 
constipation 
Hypersalivation 
Myocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What affects clozapine levels

A

Smoking and alcohol - decreases levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the order that EPSE appear
Acute dystonia Akinthesia Tardive dyskinesia Parkinsonism
26
What is acute dystonia
Occurs after HOURS Sustained msucle contraction - torticollis / oligouric crisis
27
How do you treat acute dystonia
Procyclidine
28
What is akinthesia
Develops after days to weeks restlesness tremor
29
What is the treatment of akinthesia
Propanolol | Cyproheptadine
30
What is tardive dyskinesia
>6m usage Repititive actions - grimacing / lip smacking / tongue protrusion
31
What is the treatment for tardive dyskinesia
Tetrabenzine - D2 agonsit
32
What is the treatment of Parkinsonism
Procyclidine
33
Name 8 side effects of SSRIs
``` Size - weight gain Sick - N+V Seizure - Reduce threshold Suicide Sodium - Hyponatramia Sexual dysfunction Sleep / stress Stomach upset - dyspepsia / Abdo pain ```
34
When should SSRIs be cautioned
PUD Epilepsy young patients
35
What drugs interact with SSRIs
MOA + Triptans --> S.S NSAIDs/Aspirin --> Requires PPI Antipsychotics --> QT prolongation
36
Describe SSRI withdrawl sx
``` Mood change Sleep issues Sweating Restlesness D+V ```
37
Howlong should SSRIs be continued for
6m
38
Name 2 SNRIs
Venelefaxine Duloxetine
39
Name CI to venelafaxine
Raises BP - CI in cardiac disease
40
Name 5 side effects for TCA
Anticholinergic - urinary retention - blurred vision - constipation - confusion Anti-adrenergic - Postural hypotension - Impitence
41
Describe a TCA overdose
``` Confusion Arrhythmias - QT prolongation seizures flushing dialted pupils vomiting ```
42
What would an ABG in a TCA overdose show
Metabolic acidosis
43
TCA overdose management
Supportive Activated charcoal (2-4 hours) IV bicarbonate
44
What should be avoided when taking MAOI
Cheese Beer red wine smoked meat or fish contain tyrmaine - vasoconstrictor
45
Treatemnt for hypertensive crisis in MAOI
Phentolamine
46
What affects Lithium levels
Dehydration and volume depletion Thiazide diuretics ACEi / NSAIDs - affect kidney fucntion
47
Theraputic side ffects to lithium
``` L - Leukocytosis I - Diabetes insipidus T - Fine tremor H - Hypperparathyroid I - Increased GI motility U - Underactive thyroid M - Ebsteins anomoly ```
48
Toxic lithium side effects
``` T - Coarse tremor O - Oliguria X - Ataxia I - Increased reflexes C - coma / convulsions ```
49
What are the effects of pscyhiatric medications in the elderly
Higher fat/water distribution - Reduced Benzo dose reduced renal and heaptic functions slower titration of meds
50
Describe serotonin syndrome drugs presentation management
SSRIs / Triptans / MAOI / Ecstacy / Tramadol / St john wart INCREASED ACTIVITY - clonus / myoclonus - Increased reflexes - Rigidity - tremor - dialted pupils - Autonomic sx (Tachy /unstable BP / Hyperthermia) IV fluids BDZs Cryproheptadine - serotonin antagonist
51
Desribe NMS
Antipsychtoics / Withdrawl of dopaminergic drugs Lead pipe rigidity normal pupils Hyporeflexia Autonomic sx (Tachy / sweating / unstable BP / hyperthermia) Stop antipsychotics IV fluids Bromocriptine / Dantrolene
52
What metabolic presentation is present in NMS and SS
Metabolic acidosis
53
What would FBC shouw in NMS
Leukocytosis
54
Why is it important to check U+E in NMS
Increased CK --> AKI Rhabdomyolysis
55
How many features and for how long are required for it to be classified as a dependence disorder
3 features for > 1 month
56
Name 5 features of dependence
``` continued use despite harm salience narrowed repitoire withdrawal cravings tolerance loss of control rapid reinstatement ```
57
How do metronidazole and alcohol interact
Metronidazole inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase leading to build up of acetaldehyde Drinking --> N+V / Headache / Sweating
58
Alcohol units calcualtion
% x volume (ml) divided by 1000
59
Psychological management of addictive behaviours
1 - Maintenence or withdrawal 2 - Motivational interviewing / AA / FRAMES
60
Name 3 drugs used in alcohol withdrawal
Disulfram Acamprosate Naltrexone
61
MOA of disulfram
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase - S/E if alcohol ingested flushing headache reduced BP Nausea
62
MOA of acamprosate
Reduces craving by inhibiting glutamate
63
MOA of naltrexone
Opiod antagonist - reduces pleasure alcohol brings
64
Alcohol withdrawl - sx 6/12 hours post
``` Tremor sweating N+V Anxiety Tachycardia ```
65
Alcohol withdrawl - 12-24 hours post
Hallucinations
66
Alcohol withdrawl - 36 hours post
Seziures
67
Alcohol withdrawl - 72 hours post
DELIRIUM TREMENS Altered consciousness Persucotary delusions coarse tremor Tachycardia sweating Increased BP Fever Halluciantions - Lilluptian / formication
68
What is the management of delirium tremens
Chlorodiazepioxide Thiamine Pabrinex
69
Describe opiate intoxication
``` drowsy reduced resp rate Pinpoint pupils Decreased BP Decreased HR ```
70
Describe opiate withdrawl
EVERYTHING RUNS ``` Rhinorrhoea Lacrimation Pupil dialtion Sweating Diarrhoea N+V Agitation Abdominal cramps ```
71
Describe opiate withdrawl management
Lafexidine BDZs - agitation Antimetics
72
Describe opiate overdose
``` Pinpoint pupils coma resp depression seziures Hypothermia ```
73
Describe opiate overdose managemnt
IV/IM Naloxone - short half life O2 IV hydration
74
What drugs can be used for substance abuse dependence
Methadone - logn acting Buprenorphine - Partial agonsit Naltrexone - for patients completing detox
75
substance abuse Short term complications
VTE PE Infection - IE Respiratory depresion - acidosis
76
Describe BDZs overdose
``` anxiety insominia tremor agitation headache seizures ```
77
Describe cannabis intoxication
``` drowsy imapired memory slow reflexes bloodshot eyes increased appetite ```
78
causes of delirium
``` D - Drugs (Anticholinergic/ BDZs/Anticonvulsant E - Electrolyte L - Lack of drug (opiates /levodopa/alcohol) I - Infective R - Retention / reduced sensory I - Intracranial (stroke / post ictal) U - Underhydration/nutrition M - Myocardial ```
79
RF for Alzehimers disease
``` FHx Downs syndrome Apolipoprotein E4 Depression Female Age ```
80
Alzheimers sx
``` Amnesia Aphasia Agnosia Apraxia Apathy Depression ```
81
Alzehimers Mx
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - Rivistagmine / Donepezil NDMA receptor antagonist - Memantine
82
Alzehimers Mx
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - Rivistagmine / Donepezil NDMA receptor antagonist - Memantine
83
Adverse effects of ACh inhibitors
Headache / Diarrhoea / Bradycardia
84
Adverse effects of memnatine
``` confusion hallucination dizzy seizure constipation ```
85
GAD management
1 - Education and active mointioring manage co-morbidities exercise sleep hygiene 2 - Low intensity psychological Guided self help Psychoeducation 3 - High intensity intervention CBT/Applied relaxation +/- SSRI 4 - CBT + SSRI
86
Panic disorder presentation
Sx peak within 10 mins ``` P – Palpitations A – Abdominal distress N – Numbness/nausea I – Intense fear of death C – Choking/chest pain S – Sweating/shaking/SOB D – depersonalization/derealization ```
87
Describe the characteristics of the obsessions in OCD
Intrusive Recognised as patients own thoughts Non sensical - unlide delusions
88
Management of OCD
1 - Low intensity CBT / ERP 2 - High intensty CBT / ERP OR SSRI 3 - High intensity CBT/ERP + SSRI / TCA
89
How long should you continue medication for in OCD
12 months
90
What are the requirements for PTSD diagnosis
Sx arise within 6m of event Sx present for > 1 month with functional impairment
91
Describe PTSD presentation
Hyperarousal - startle / seep issues Flashbacks Avoidance Emotional numbing
92
PTSD management
1 - Trauma focused CBT / EMDR 2 - Sertraline / Venelfaxine
93
PTSD management
1 - Trauma focused CBT / EMDR 2 - Sertraline / Venelfaxine
94
What are the componenets of the SCOFF questionnaire
``` S - Sick C - control O - one stone (3m) F - Fat F - Food domiantes ```
95
Name 6 features of anorexia
``` Arrhythmias - QT prolongation Lanugo hair yellow tinge to skin constipation swelling of parotid and submandibular glands ```
96
Features of hypokalaemia
``` Flat t waves T wave inversion U waves ST depression Arrhythmias - VT ```
97
Biochemical features of anorexia
Increased G + C - GH - Cortisol - Beta carotene - Cholesterol
98
Anorexia red flags
BMI < 13.5Kg >1kg/week weight loss Temp < 34.5 Proximal muscle weakness
99
Anorexia management - Adult
1 - CBT - ED | 2 - MANTRA
100
What does MANTRA stand for
Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults
101
Anorexia management - Child
1 - Family focused therapy 2- CBT
102
Anorexia complications
Osteoperosis | cardiac atrophy
103
Long term anorexia management
DEXA scan
104
Refeeding syndrome presentation
``` Oedema tachycardia confused CCF Blaoting ```
105
What metabolic disturbances occur in bulimia
Laxatives - acidosis Purging - alkalosis
106
What complication occurs with long term laxative use in bulimia
Cardiomyopathy
107
bulimia management
1 - BN focused guided self help 4 weeks 2 - CBT - ED
108
Criteria for depression diangosis
5/9 sx D - Depressed mood E - Energy low A - Anhedonia D - Dead thoughts ``` S - Sleep W - Worthlesness A - Apetite / weight M - Mentation decreased P - Psychomotor retardation ```
109
DDx of depression
``` Parkinsons dementia Hypothyroid Hypoadrenalism Steroids Alcohol DM ```
110
Features of mania
Sx present for 7 days marked fucntional impairment Psychotic sx - delusions of grandeur - Auditory hallucinations

Phase 3A (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions