Psych Drugs Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
What is Halothane?
A
An inhaled general anesthetic
2
Q
What are Halothane’s side effects?
A
Hepatotoxicity
3
Q
What is Isoflurane?
A
An inhaled general anesthetic, especially good for MI patients
4
Q
What is Desflurane?
A
An inhaled general anesthetic
5
Q
What is Sevoflurane?
A
An inhaled general anesthetic, good for children and asthmatics (seven-year-old asthmatic)
6
Q
What is Nitrous Oxide?
A
Inhaled anesthetic, Must be combined w/ other anesthetic (high MAC)
7
Q
What is Propofol?
A
IV anesthetic, Good in head trauma, Watch out for egg and nut allergies
8
Q
What is Fospropofol?
A
IV anesthetic only for sedation
9
Q
What is Etomidate?
A
IV anesthetic, good for patients in shock
10
Q
What is Ketamine?
A
IV anesthetic, Blocks NMDA receptors, cardio stimulant, bad dreams
11
Q
What is Dexmedetomidine?
A
IV anesthetic, doesn’t cause respiratory depression
12
Q
What is Tranylcypromine?
A
MAO inhibitor, used to treat aypical depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis
13
Q
What are side effects of tranylcypromine?
A
Adrenergic side effects (BP, CNS, etc.) beware wine and cheese (tyramine)
14
Q
What are Tricyclic Antidepressants?
A
Amitriptyline, Nortriptylene, Despramine, Imipramine, Amoxapine (Amy Took a Trip to Norway)
15
Q
What do Tricyclic Antidepressants treat?
A
Major depression, bedwetting, OCD
Block NE and serotonin reuptake
16
Q
What are Side Effects of Tricyclic? Antidepressants?
A
Sedation, a-blocking effects, anticholinergic effects
17
Q
What are the Atypical Antidepressants?
A
Trazodone, Maprotiline, Bupropion (If you’re in Alcatraz)
18
Q
What is Trazodone?
A
atypical antidepressant used for insomnia. Inhibits serotonin reuptake, higher doses treat depression.
19
Q
What are Side Effects of Trazodone?
A
sedation, nausea, priapism (TrazoBONE), hypotension
20
Q
What is Bupropion?
A
Used as antidepressant and to stop smoking, Inhibits DA and NE reuptake
21
Q
What are Bupropion Side Effects?
A
Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia), headaches
22
Q
What are the SSRI’s?
A
“The Ox Flue” Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine
23
Q
What are the SNRI’s?
A
Venlafaxine and Duloxetine (how do we get the ox flu out of the city?)
24
Q
What do SSRI’s treat?
A
Depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias
25
What are side effects of SSRI's?
| Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors
GI, sexual dysfunction, Serotonin Syndrome (if combined w/ MAOI's)
26
What is Serotonin Syndrome?
Too much serotonin at synapse because of combined SSRI and MAOI treatment. Results in hyperthermia, muscle rigiidity, CV collapse, flushing, diarrrhea, seizures
27
What do SNRI's treat?
| serotonin norepinepherine, reuptake inhibitors
Depression, anxiety disorder
28
What are side effects of SNRI's?
Increased BP, stimulant effects, sedation, nausea
29
What are the anticonvulsants (epilepsy drugs?)
"Phanny is an ugly girl" "
Penytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Benzodiazapines, Vigabatrin, Gabapentin, Ethosuxamide, Valproic Acid
30
What is Phenytoin?
Anticonvulsant that stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels, used for all seizures except absence seizures
31
What are the Side Effects of Phenytoin?
megaloblastic anemia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, diplopia and nystagmus, lubpus-like symptoms, teratogenesis (Phanny's ugly side effects)
32
What is Carbamazepine?
Anticonvulsant that stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels, drug of choice for partial seizures
33
What are the Side Effects of Carbamezepine?
ataxia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, liver toxicity, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (when phanny eats carbs from a pine)
34
What is Lamotrignine?
Anticonvulsant that stabilizes Na+ channels, generally used w/ other drugs
35
What are the Side Effects of Lamotrignine?
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Malaise, fever, oral/ocular/genital macules, epidermal necrosis and sloughing)
36
What is Phenobarbital and what is its mechanism of action?
A barbiturate that is an anticonvulsant.
| It facilitates GABAA by opening Cl- chanels longer (BarbiDURATe), Great for Pregnant women and children.
37
What are side effects of Barputurates?
sedation, tolerance, dependence, and induction of CYP system, can independently open Cl- channel -> Coma and death, contraindicated in asthmatics/COPD and porphyria, Low TI
38
What are Benzodiazapines?
anticonvulsant, antianxiety, and general anesthetic drugs (diazepam, lorazepam (anything lam or pam)
39
What are side effects of Benzos?
Sedation, tolerance, dependence.
| Early AM waking, rebound insomnia, higher TI
40
What is Vigabatrin?
Anticonvulsant that increases GABA action by decresasing GABA degredation
41
What is Gabapentin
Anticonvulsant that blocks Ca2+ channel (not GABA like you'd think)
42
What is Ethosuxamide?
Anticonvulsant that Blocks T-type thalamic Ca2+ channels, used for Absence seizures (it SUX to be Absent from class.)
43
What is Diazepam?
A benzodiazipine used as an anticonvulsant, treats status epilepticus
44
What are the longest acting to shortest acting Barbiturates?
Phenobarbital, Secobarbital, Thiobarbital
| Phirst, Second, Third
45
What is the fastest acting Benzo?
Medazolam
46
What is Flumazenil?
Benzo antagonist, used in benzo overdose.
| Nothing more antagonizing then driving your benz through a maze when you have the flu.
47
What are non-benzo hypnotics?
Zolpidem, Zeleplon, Eszopiclone
| They bind at the same site as benzos but just used for sleep and have fewer side effects. (help you get zzzzzz's)
48
What is Buspirone?
An atypical anxiolytic, but it is not a hypnotic, 5-HT agonist (i'm anxious if Ross Perot is on the bus.)
49
What is used most commonly for anxiety?
SSRI's and Benzos
50
What is Chloral hydrate?
Other anxiolytic, sedative, metabolized to trichloralethanol (Waves on the Chloral reef put you to sleep)
51
What is Ramelteon?
Hypnotic, melatonin agonist (Black Elton John puts you to sleep)
52
What is Baclofen?
Skeletal muscle relaxant, GABA agonist in spinal cord and brain (My Dan Bac)
53
What is Dantrolene?
Skeletal muscle relaxant, blocks ryanodine Ca2+ channels in sk. muscle. (My Dan Bac)
54
What is Chlorpromazine?
Typical Antipsychotic, Low potency phenothiazine, D2 antagonist
55
What is Thioridazine?
Typical Antipsychotic, Low potency pehnothiazine, D2 antagonist
56
What are side effects of the low potency antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and thioridazine)?
hypotension, sedation, not likely to cause EPS, adrenergic muscarinic and histamine blockade.
57
What is Fluphenazine?
Typical antipsychotic, High potency (fly high), D2 antagonist.
58
What is Trifluoperazine?
Typical antipsychotic, high potency (fly high), D2 antagonist
59
What are side effects of the high potency typical antipsychotics (fluphenazine and trifluoperazine?)
EPS side effects (parkinsonian-like), antiemetic, adrenergic, muscarinic and histamine blockade.
60
What is Haloperidol?
High potency typical antipsychotic, First-line treatment for schizophrenia, also used for mania phase of Bipolar Disorder
61
What Valproic Acid?
Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer (used for seizures and bipolar disorder)
62
What are other High potency typical antipsychotics?
Thiothixene, Loxapine, Molindone (Thio plays against Malone and Locks the pine.)
63
What are the atypical antipsychotics? What do they do?
Sertindole, Olanzapine, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone. (I'm sertain it's atypical for old closets to questly risper)
They block 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors, and treat both positive and negative symptoms of Schizo
64
What are side effects of atypical antipsychotics?
Less EPS and anticholinergic effects, may cause weight gain, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, or agranulocytosis which requires WBC monitoring (Clozapine)
65
What is Lithium?
Mood stabilizer that treats mania in bipolar I,
66
What are side effects of Lithium?
Na depletion leads to excess reabsorption of lithium which causes toxicities. (LMNOP) - Movement, Nephrogenic DI, hypOthyroidism, Pregnancy problems.
67
What is Morphine?
Opiate analgeic that binds to u and K opiate receptors. It has a high first pass effect (25% bioavailable) All other opiates' function by being metabolized into morphine
68
What is Heroin?
Strong opiate agonist, Better access through BBB
69
What is Methadone?
Strong opiate agonist. Used for opiate addiction therapy.
70
What is Meperidine?
Strong opiate agonist, less constipation and less effecto on labor
71
What is Fentanyl?
Strong opiate agonist, short duration, used in anesthesia for analgesia
72
What is Codeine?
Moderate opiate agonist, antitussive (via different mechanism)
73
What is Propoxyphene?
mederate opiate agonist
74
What is Diphenoxylate/Loperamide?
Mild opiate agonist, Antidiarrheal
75
What is Pentazocine?
K agonist and u antagonist, Less addictive than morphine, but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.
76
What is Butorphanol?
K-agonist and u-antagonist, Less addictive than morphine but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.
77
What is Buprenorphine?
K-agonist and u-antagonist, Less addictive than morphine but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.
78
What is Naloxone?
Opiate antagonist, rapid acting and short duration. Used to treat opiate toxicity
79
What is Naltrexone?
Opiate antagonist of long duration. Used for addiction treatment
80
What is Procaine/Chloroprocaine?
Local anesthetic - injected ester
81
What are opiate side effects?
Addiction, respiratory depression, constipation, pinpoint pupils, tolerane (except with miosis and constipation.)
82
What are the local anesthetics?
Esters - Procaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine. (all esters are shorter lasting and more likely to induce hypersensitivity)
Amides - Lidocaine, Bupivicaine
83
What is Tetracaine?
Ester local anesthetic, topical and injected, ophthalmic
84
What is Cocaine?
Inhaled ester respiratory anesthetic, vasoconstrictive.
85
Benzocaine
Ester local anesthetic, used topically for burns
86
Lidocaine
Amide local anesthetic
87
Bupivacaine
Amide local anesthetic
88
What is Sumatriptan?
5-HT(2B/D/F) agonist. Acute treatment of migraine HA and cluster HA. Don't use in pts w/ CV problems or atherosclerosis.
89
What is Civamide?
Used for Propylactic treatment of cluster headaches. TRPV1 desensitizing agonist, blocks Ca2+ channels.
90
What is Methylphenidate?
AKA Ritalin, used to treat ADHD, inhibits reuptake of dopamine, less sympathetic side effects
91
What is Acamprosate?
Used to treat alcoholism, inhibitws NMDA receptors and stimulates GABA receptors, decreases excitatory stimulation after alcohol withdrawal (see-saw)
92
What is Disulfiram?
Antabuse, Used to treat alcoholism, inhibits ALDH enzyme which causes a buildup of acetaldehyde
93
What is Adderall?
Amphetamine used to treat ADHD in adults, don't use in children
94
What is Atomexitine?
SNRI used to treat ADHD
95
What is Levadopa?
L-Dopa, used to treat Parkinsons, crosses BBB
96
What are Side Effects of Levadopa?
arrythmias & tachycardia, nausea, hypotension, psychotic symptoms, tolerance after a few years
97
What is Carbidopa?
inhibits peripheral side effects of L-Dopa (doesn't cross BBB)
98
What is Sinemet?
Combination of Levidopa and Carbidopa
99
What are anticholinergics for Parkinsons?
Biperadine, Benztropine, Procyclidine, Trihexyphenidyl, Diphenhydramine, Ethopropazine (Joe Biden wants Ben's trophy)
100
What do the anticholinergics do?
Antagonize imbalance in cholinergic activity of PD, Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, etc.)
101
What are Dopamine Agonists?
Apomorphine, Pergolide, Ropinirole, Pramipexole, Bromocriptine
102
What do the Dopamine Agonists do?
Agonize dopamine receptors to treat parkinsons, similar side effects as L-Dopa
103
What is Selegiline?
MAO-B inhibitor. It enhances L-Dopa action by inhibiting its breakdown, Also blocks MPTP conversion to MPP
104
What is Tolcapone?
COMT inhibitor, Enhances L-dopa action by inhibiting its breakdown. Need to monitor liver function
105
What is reserpine?
inhibits packaging of catecholamines including dopamine, produces iatrogenic Parkinsons
