PSYCH EXAM 1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

Primary prevention

A

prenatal care, teaching about risk factors, parenting skills classes

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2
Q

secondary prevention

A

early detection; school and community nurses, NPs, teachers, pediatricians

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3
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

minimize the effect of disorder via individual, family, group therapy and behavior modification

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4
Q

pervasive developmental disorders

A

group of conditions that involve delays in development of many basic skills
these kids are more confused in their thinking and generally have problems understanding the world around them

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5
Q

What three things is autism characterized by

A

social impairments
communication difficulties
sometimes repetitive patterns of behaviors

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6
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

A

on the mild end of the spectrum but has a later onset than autism

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7
Q

Bipolar Disorder I

A

one or more manic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes
depressive symptoms tend to be far less responsive with conventional therapies than manic symptoms

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8
Q

Bipolar Disorder II

A

a major depressive episode with at least one hypomanic episode
no hx of a manic episode or a mixed episode

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9
Q

Mixed state or episode

A

rapidly alternating moods between depression and mania

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10
Q

Cyclothymia

A
  • Clients experience repeated periods of nonpsychotic depression and hypomania for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)
  • Cyclothymia is diagnosed only if a client’s symptoms have never met the criteria for a major depressive or manic episode
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11
Q

Rapid cycling

A

Clients have four or more manic episodes for at least 2 weeks in a single year

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12
Q

What are the episodes of rapid cycling marked by?

A

Either partial or full remission for at least 2 months or a switch to the opposite type

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13
Q

What are the high risk of rapid cycling?

A

Recurrence and resistance to drug treatments

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14
Q

What are the behavior characteristics of mania?

A

Hyperactivity
Bizarre and colorful dress
Highly distractible
Impulsive

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15
Q

What are the thought processes of mania?

A

Flight of ideas
Grandiosity
Poor judgement
auditory hallucinations and delusional thinking (psychosis)

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16
Q

What are the cognitive function characteristics of mania

A

Significant and persistent problems

Difficulties in psychosocial areas

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17
Q

What is the acute phase of bipolar disorder?

A

Maintain safety
medical stabilization
self-case

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18
Q

continuation phase

A

maintain medication compliance
psycho-education teaching
counseling

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19
Q

maintenance phase

A

prevent relapse

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20
Q

What is the fist line mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium- used for the prevention and treatment of mania

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21
Q

How does lithium work?

A

affects the clock cycle to restore rhythms

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22
Q

What are the side effects of lithium at therapeutic levels?

A

fine hand tremors
Gi upset and thirst
muscle weakness

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23
Q

What are the adverse effects of lithium at a toxic level

A

persistent GI upset
coarse hand tremors
confusion, hyperirritability of muscles
ECG

24
Q

Axis I Criteria

A

includes most psychiatric disorders excpet personality disorders and issues with developmental disorders

25
What should you do if a patient has more than one Axis I disorder?
List them all with the chief complaint listed first
26
Axis II Criteria
• Personality disorders o Examples: borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder • Intellectual development disorder • Other prominent maladaptive and defense mechanisms
27
Axis III criteria
• General medical conditions that may be relevant to understanding and/or managing the mental disorder• Does not include medical disorders that are thought to be a direct cause for a mental disorder—these are coded on axis 1
28
Axis IV
* Problems with primary support group * Problems related to social environment * Educational, Occupational, Housing or Economic problems * Problems with access to health care services * Problems with legal system *  Specific problems that an individual is facing
29
Axis V
* Clinician makes a judgment about person’s overall level of functioning * GAF Scale: 0-100 * The lower the number, the lower the level of function
30
What are the antipsychotic drugs that can be used instead of lithium?
* Antipsychotics: ex. Zyprexa & Seroquel * Slow thought process slowing speech * Inhibit aggression * Decrease psychomotor activity
31
What are the antipsychotic/ benzos that can be used instead of lithium?
Klonopin & Ativan• Exhaustion • Coronary collapse • Death – individual so accelerated and ramped up that they can become high risk
32
Malpractice
a tort action that a consumer plaintiff brings against a professional defendant when the plaintiff believes the professional injured him or her within the consumer-professional relationship
33
Libel
published false statements about someone else (written)
34
Slander
false spoken statements
35
• Substituted Consent
obtained in these instances where competency is in question o Health Care Proxy o Guardian o Next of Kin
36
• Voluntary admission
: paperwork signed by patient | o Patient is competent enough to make this decision
37
Involuntary admission
``` o Individual is a danger to self, others and has an inability to care for themselves o Types of procedures  Judicial  Administrative  Agency ```
38
emergency involuntary admission
to control an immediate threat to self or others
39
short term involuntary admission
for diagnosis and short-term therapy
40
long term involuntary admission
for treatment until determined ready for discharge
41
ethics
the study of philosophical beliefs about what is considered right or wrong in a society
42
ethical dilemma
situation that requires a choice between morally conflicting alternatives
43
bioethics
used in relation to ethical dilemmas surrounding client care
44
beneficence
The duty to promote good (prevent harm)
45
autonomy
The right to make one's own decisions and respect for the rights of others to make their own decisions
46
justice
treating others fairly and equally
47
fidelity (nonmaleficence)
Maintaining loyalty commitment; doing no wrong to a client
48
veracity
One's duty to always tell the truth (exception: when the truth would be knowingly harmful to a client)
49
What are some resources for guidelines in ethical dilemmas
* Nurse practice acts * Hospital and organizational polices * Patient bill of rights * Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements of the American Nurses Association * Standards of Care from the Scope and Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice
50
What are the 4 "rights" that a patient has
right to treatment right to treatment in the least restrictive environment right to refuse right to after care
51
Milieu therapy
hospital technique in which patients can practice life skills in a safe environment
52
lack of parity
inequality of coverage most effective vs. what recieved
53
what are the four components of the revolving door treatment?
1) decreasing length of stay 2) deinstitutionalization 3) managed care mandates 4) lack of community support
54
Acute phase of schizophrenia
1) safety 2) psychiatric and medical interventions 3) individual and group therapy 4) cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) 5) Family education
55
Maintenance and stabilization phases in schizophrenia
``` health teaching health promotion and maintenance vocational rehabilitation assertive community treatment (ACT) TOO- treatment over objection Intensive case management (ICM) Continuum of care ```
56
Coping Techniques for Schizophrenia
``` Distraction: external stimuli Interaction: avoid isolation Activity Social involvement: tasks, games Physical activity ```