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NUR 329 > Psych Exam 1 > Flashcards

Psych Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes emotions, anxiety, fear, and pleasure

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2
Q

Serotonin

A

inhibitory: modulates mood, emotion, sleep, pain, and appetite as related to mood, temperature regulation; some cognitive function

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3
Q

serotonin is decreased in what?

A

depressive & anxiety disorders

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

excitatory: pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities, plays a role in hallucinations

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5
Q

dopamine is increased and decreased in what?

A

decreased in depression & addiction
increased in mania and positive symptoms in schizophrenia

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6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

level in the brain affects mood, attention, and arousal. Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for “fight or flight” stress response

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7
Q

Norepinephrine is decreased in what?

A

decreased in depression. Increased in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia

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8
Q

GABA

A

major inhibitory mechanism; reduces anxiety, aggression, and stress; regulates norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin

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9
Q

GABA is decreased in what?

A

decreased in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia

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10
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory action (too much may result in seizure activity and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s)

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11
Q

Glutamate is decreased in what?

A

decreased in psychosis, autism, OCD, depression, and schizophrenia

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12
Q

Acetylcholine

A

cognitive functioning; sleep-wake cycles

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13
Q

Acetylcholine is decreased in what?

A

decreased in Alzheimer’s and sleep disorders. Increased in depression

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14
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The ability of the brain to change with learning is what is known as neuroplasticity

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15
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Neurological process removes unnecessary/damaged neuronal structures

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16
Q

Over pruning is seen in what?

A

schizo

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17
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

psychosis characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought, and thought processes, and extensive withdrawal of one’s interest from individuals and the outside world

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18
Q

what is psychosis

A

a state in which the individual is experiencing hallucinations, delusions or disorganized thoughts, speech or behavior

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19
Q

schizo can interfere with a person’s ability to what?

A

think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, relate to others

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20
Q

positive symptoms are..

A

symptoms that exist but should not be there

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21
Q

positive symptoms include

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior, disorganized speech

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22
Q

what are hallucinations

A

Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli

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23
Q

command hallucination

A

auditory Hallucinations (AH) in the form of commands. The contents of the hallucinations can range from the innocuous to commands to cause harm to self or others. This type of hallucination must be monitored carefully because they may be dangerous.

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24
Q

how to observe for hallucinations

A

eyes tracking, muttering or talking to self, appearing distracted, suddenly stopping conversation as if interrupted, or intently watching a vacant area of the room

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25
what to ask about hallucinations
what are you hearing DO NOT ask: what are the voices saying to you
26
what are delusions
Erroneous fixed beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
27
grandiose
belief that one has exceptional power, wealth, skills, influence, destiny
28
nihilistic
belief that one is dead, or a disaster is impending
29
Persecutory
belief that one is being watched, plotted against, ridiculed
30
somatic
belief about abnormalities in body function or structure
31
Religious
believe they have a special relationship with God or are on a mission for God, or that they are sinners
32
referential
believe that newspaper articles, TV shows or song lyrics are directed specifically at them
33
thought blocking
in the middle of talking about his childhood, the patient abruptly pauses, after which he can’t remember what he was saying
34
thought broadcasting
“I know you know what I’m thinking. Everybody hears what I’m thinking"
35
thought withdrawal
the man continually blames his poor memory on “government
36
thought insertion
the patient repeatedly complains of having disturbingly violent thoughts, which, she claims, are being sent to her by Satan
37
paranoia
an irrational fear, ranging from mild (wary, guarded) to profound (believing irrationally that another person intends to kill you)
38
circumstantiality
extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but gets eventually to the point
39
tangentiality
extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but usually doesn’t get to the point
40
loose associations
absence of normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas & topics (“I was home when the drum began beating. I flew too low.”
41
flight of ideas
topic of conversation changes repeatedly & rapidly with only superficial associative connections (a man begins talking about his business, but quickly shifts to discussing the economy, the government, and the other countries
42
echolalia
repetition of another’s words, pathological repetition of another’s word
43
clang association
repetition of words that are similar in sound but in no other way EX. “I heard the bell. Well, hell then I fell.”
44
stilted language
overly & artificial formal language
45
pressured speech
as if words are being forced out
46
word salad
string of words totally unconnected, jumble of words meaningless to a listener EX. “Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant.”
47
neologisms
made up words, meaning for the patient only EX. “I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker.”
48
paranoia
suspiciousness that is unrealistic
49
illogicality
conclusions are reached that do not follow logically
50
aggression
behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage
51
agitation
inability to sit still or attend to others, pacing
52
catatonic excitement
hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity & abnormal movements
53
echopraxia
involuntary imitation of another’s movements & gestures
54
regressed behavior
childlike/immature
55
stereotype
repetitive purposeless movements that are peculiar to the person
56
hypervigilance
sustained attention to external stimuli
57
waxy flexibility
posture held in fixed position
58
negative symtoms are
ones that should be there but are not
59
negative symptoms include...
affective flattening or blunting, ambivalence alogia Avolition anhedonia asociality concrete thinking impaired memory impaired information processing impaired executive functioning
60
affective flattening or blunting
flat or blunted emotion
61
ambivalence
presence of two opposing forces, leading to inaction, cant decide, stuck
62
alogia
brief and lack of content verbal responses, not able to elaborate (poverty of speech)
63
Avolition
inability to complete projects, assignments, or work
64
anhedonia
inability to gain pleasure, hijacks joy
65
asociality
decreased desire for, or comfort during social interactions
66
concrete thinking
inability to think abstractly
67
impaired memory
impacts short-term memory and the ability to learn
68
impaired information processing
delayed responses, misperceptions or difficulty understanding others
69
impaired executive functioning
difficulty with reasoning, setting priorities, comparing options, planning
70
Anosognosia
Inability to realize they are ill
71
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
Pseudoparkinsonism Akathisia acute dystonia tardive dyskinesia
72
Pseudoparkinsonism
stimulates parkinson's disese and is a reversible syndrome symptoms: tremulousness in the hands and arms rigidity in the arms and shoulders Bradykinesia Akinesia Hypersalivation masked facies shuffling gait
73
treatment for Pseudoparkinsonism
dosage reduction or the addition of oral anticholinergic agents
74
akathsia
feeling of inner restlessness that can be manifested as excessive pacing or inability to remain still for any length of time
75
Torticollis
spasmodic and painful spasm of muscles ( head pulled to one side)
76
Oculogyric Crisis
eyes roll back toward the head
77
Opisthotonus
A type of spasm in which the head and heels arch backward in extreme hyperextension and the body forms a reverse bow
78
laryngospasm
spasm of throat impairing breathing and swallowing
79
oral-facial maxillary spasms
treat emergently as they may progress
80
Tardive Dyskinesia
involuntary movement disorder may not be reversible usually involves the orofacial region, but all parts of the body can be involved Abnormal movements can include myoclonic jerks, tics, chorea, and dystonia
81
Agranulocytosi
A reduction in the number of circulating granulocytes and decreased production of granulocytes that limit one’s ability to fight off infection
82
Suicidal Ideation
Thinking about death, including the wish to be dead, considering methods of accomplishing death, and formulating plans to carry the act out
83
Suicidal Behavior
Acts associated with suicidal intent
84
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Deliberate and direct attempts to inflict painful injuries to the surface of the body without intending to die

NUR 329 (1 decks)

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