PSYCH EXAM 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Who argued that children are born with a mind that is a blank slate?
John Locke
Which of the following thinkers believed that humans are selfish by nature (original sin) and must seek spiritual rebirth through religious training?
Augustine of Hippo
Which aspect of human development describes changes in size, shape, and characteristics of the body?
Physical Domain
Which of these factors are central to the nature–nurture debate?
Biological processes and experiential factors
Which of the following best describe the goals of developmental science?
To describe, explain, predict and influence development
Which is an example of naturalistic observation?
Researchers interested in children’s gender-related interactions videotape children while they are playing during recess and while they are engaged in cooperative learning assignments in their classrooms
Which of the following is a true statement about correlations?
Correlations can range from –1.00 to +1.00 and describe the strength of a relationship between two variables.
In an experiment, what term describes the group of participants who receive a neutral treatment?
Control group
In which of the following research designs are participants of different ages studied at the same time, and the results compared across age groups?
Cross-sectional
What term applies when a researcher lives in a particular culture for an extended time in order to gain a detailed understanding and description of that culture?
Ethnography
Psychoanalytic theorists argue that human development depends on
the influence of internal drives and emotions upon behavior.
According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, which of the following illustrates the functioning of the id?
Stealing a pair of earbuds because you want them
Freud arrived at his developmental theories through his work with which of the following groups?
Adults who were suffering from serious mental disorders
Which factor according to Erikson is generally considered to be an essential aspect of an infant’s first psychosocial task?
Learning to trust a primary caregiver and one’s own ability to make things happen
Which of the following is the major weakness of psychoanalytic theories?
It has been very difficult to test their key concepts
Which of the following family of theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory, and logic?
Cognitive
Which of the following family of theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory, and logic?
A cognitive structure that guides behaviors and actions.
Two-year-old Marjoe pointed to a cow in a pasture and said “Doggie!” Which Piagetian principle is Marjoe using to name the animal?
Assimilation
Three-year-old Tran used to call all flying objects such as airplanes and slowly falling leaves “birds.” Now he correctly labels airplanes, butterflies, birds, and bees. Which Piagetian process has Tran accomplished?
Accomodation
According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following applies to the process of assimilation?
Using an existing scheme to make sense of an event or experience
Which of the following schools of thought promotes the idea that certain behaviors have developed and persisted in order to ensure survival of the species
Ethology
Behavior genetics researchers have a particular interest in studying
Identical twins
According to bioecological theory, which of the following contexts of development includes those variables to which people are exposed directly, such as families, schools, religious institutions, and neighborhoods?
Microsystem
Which of the following theorists is known for the development of sociocultural theory?
Lev Vygotsky
