psych final

Question 1

what 2 groups are in an experiment?

Answer 1

experimental and control groups

Question 2

what are the 2 variables in an experiment?

Answer 2

dependent and independent

Question 3

what is naturalistic observation?

Answer 3

when a researcher studies a group’s behavior to discover patterns

Question 4

what is a random sample?

Answer 4

a population has an equal chance of being chosen for an experimental study

Question 5

what is a survey?

Answer 5

a representative question asked to a group of people about behavior and/or opinions

Question 6

what is a dependent variable?

Answer 6

the result of an experiment

Question 7

what are the 2 major division of the nervous system?

Answer 7

central and peripheral

Question 8

what is a synapse?

Answer 8

the space between neurons

Question 9

what is the brain stem and what does it do?

Answer 9

it’s a region of basic brain function such as breathing, coughing, and alertness

Question 10

what is the occipital lobe for?

Answer 10

seeing

Question 11

what are the temporal lobes for?

Answer 11

hearing

Question 12

what is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

Answer 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 13

how does sympathetic act?

Answer 13

excited with activity

Question 14

how does parasympathetic act?

Answer 14

calms down after activity

Question 15

what is shaping?

Answer 15

rewarding an animal little by little until it performs at desired level of action

Question 16

what is operant conditioning?

Answer 16

learning that ensures repeated performance

Question 17

what is observational learning?

Answer 17

learning by watching and imitating another person’s actions

Question 18

what is retrieval?

Answer 18

recalling something from long term memory

Question 19

what is chunking?

Answer 19

an encoding process of finding small units that you can easily remember

Question 20

what is semantic memory?

Answer 20

explicit memory, like names of places

Question 21

what is recognition?

Answer 21

a retrieval method of memory most often used in multiple-choice questions

Question 22

what is the symmetrical bell-shaped curve used to represent the distribution of scores as in intelligence scores?

Answer 22

normal curve

Question 23

what influences intelligence?

Answer 23

nurture and nature

Question 24

how is a test reliable?

Answer 24

it has consistent scores

Question 25

how is a test valid?

Answer 25

it measures what is supposed to be measured

Question 26

when does object permanence occur in children?

Answer 26

starts at 8 months

Question 27

what is a longitudinal study?

Answer 27

a study that studies a group of people over a long period of time

Question 28

what is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 28

a study that test different groups at the same time

Question 29

authoritarian parenting?

Answer 29

strict rules

Question 30

authoritative parenting?

Answer 30

boundaries with "wiggle room" within limits

Question 31

permissive parenting?

Answer 31

whatever you feel is okay, push over parent

Question 32

neglectful parenting?

Answer 32

i could care less

Question 33

trust vs. mistrust = ?

Answer 33

stage 1, hope

Question 34

autonomy vs. shame = ?

Answer 34

stage 2, will

Question 35

initiative vs. guilt = ?

Answer 35

stage 3, purpose

Question 36

industry vs. inferiority = ?

Answer 36

stage 4, competence

Question 37

identity vs. role-confusion = ?

Answer 37

stage 5, fidelity

Question 38

intimacy vs. isolation = ?

Answer 38

stage 6, love

Question 39

generativity vs. stagnation = ?

Answer 39

stage 7, care

Question 40

ego integrity vs. despair = ?

Answer 40

stage 8. wisdom & faith

Question 41

what did Freud teach about the unconscious?

Answer 41

it is the basis of human personality

Question 42

what does humanism teach?

Answer 42

personality must be capable of healthy growth and self-actualization

Question 43

what does "id" want? what is it based on?

Answer 43

whatever it sees. it is based on pleasure principle

Question 44

The Big Five Theory of personality; OCEAN mnemonic

Answer 44

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 45

what is at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy needs?

Answer 45

physiological needs

Question 46

what is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Answer 46

self-actualization

Question 47

what does psychoanalytic therapy use?

Answer 47

free association, dream analysis, and transference

Question 48

what is aversive conditioning?

Answer 48

use of negative methods to stop unwanted behavior ex: giving an alcoholic antabuse, it makes them puke if they drink alcohol

Question 49

what disorder is the same as multiple personalities?

Answer 49

dissociative personality disorder

Question 50

what does PTSD come from?

Answer 50

horrible death-threatening assault ex: warfare, muggings, rape, etc.

Question 51

people with antisocial personality disorder don't care about what?

Answer 51

another person's feelings, well-being, or possessions when committing a crime against that person

Question 52

what is an obsession in OCD?

Answer 52

unwanted repeated thoughts that drive ritualistic repeated behavior to rid oneself of those repeated thoughts

Question 53

what is schizophrenia characterized by?

Answer 53

delusion, hallucinations, disordered thoughts, and inconsistent behavior

Question 54

what is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 54

the disconnect between professed beliefs and actual behavior

Question 55

what is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 55

generalizing a person based on one situation with them

Question 56

what is prejudice?

Answer 56

a stereotype or negative attitude towards a group or individuals in that group

Question 57

what did Milgram's experiment show hint: electrocution and Nazi trials

Answer 57

most people obey authority to the point of hurting others

Question 58

who created multiple intelligence tests?

Answer 58

Weschler and Stanford-Binet

Question 59

Who says there are multiple intelligences?

Answer 59

Howard Gardner