psych final

Question 1

cooing

Answer 1

vowel-like sounds (around 2 months of age)

Question 2

babbling

Answer 2

intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning (around 4-5 months of age) gradually more complex over first-year

Question 3

crying

Answer 3

when uncomfortable, sleepy, in pain or hungry

Question 4

jargoning

Answer 4

act like they’re talking to you

Question 5

BF skinner

Answer 5

when it comes to children learning language environment plays important role, (when learning to speak they’re imitating environment , reinforcement of children talking (positive reinforcement)

Question 6

chanski

Answer 6

if children learn language like skinner said, it doesn’t explain our language growths, one moment they know a handful of words and then bam. he is arguing language is more biological

Question 7

cognitive neuroscience view

Answer 7

1. integrates the two skinner and chanksi
2. biological and environment
3. skinner young
4. chanski later

Question 8

spearman’s factor theory

Answer 8

one oldest (1904)
intelligence equates to two different abilities, g and s factor

Question 9

g factor

Answer 9

general intelligence, ability to reason and solve problems , influence each cluster/test item, amount of influence varies

Question 10

s factor

Answer 10

specific intelligence- unique to each test cluster or item, ability to excel in certain areas (i.e. art, music, business)

Question 11

traditional iq tests examine what?

Answer 11

g factor

Question 12

gardener’s multiple intelligence

Answer 12

theorized eight relatively independent areas

Question 13

savant

Answer 13

someone who has exceptional skills

Question 14

8 areas of gardeners theory

Answer 14

1. linguistic
2. logical- mathematical
3. musical
4. bodily- kinesthetic
5. spatial
6. interpersonal
7. interpersonal
8. naturalist

Question 15

3 sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 15

late 1980s-90s
3 kinds of intelligence ,
analytical, creative, practical

Question 16

analytical intelligence

Answer 16

“book smarts” break problems down into component parts

Question 17

creative intelligence

Answer 17

divergent thing-ability to deal with new and different concepts; come up with new ways to solve problems

Question 18

practical intelligence

Answer 18

“street smarts” ability to use information and to get along in life, know how to be tactful; to manipulate situations to their advantage; how to use inside information to increase their odds of success, predicts success in life, but has low correlation to analytical intelligence.

Question 19

salovey and Mayer

Answer 19

first introduced emotional intelligence.

Question 20

Goleman

Answer 20

1995, later expanded emotional intelligence , impulse control is most important

Question 21

4 components of emotional intelligence

Answer 21

1. self awareness
2. to be self- motivated
3. to have a certain level of empathy
4. to be socially skilled

Question 22

self awareness

Answer 22

awareness and ability to manage ones own emotions. impulse control.

Question 23

to be self motivated

Answer 23

setting up realistic goals and pursuing them. drive, optimism to achieve these goals

Question 24

to have certain level of empathy

Answer 24

the ability to understand how other people are feeling

Question 25

to be socially skilled

Answer 25

being able to anticipate when a certain situation might create a certain emotion and being able to make friends

Question 26

walter mischel

Answer 26

1960 - stanford university experiment: 4 year old was offered a marshmallow and he could eat it or wait until the experimenter got back and have 2 marshmallows instead.

Question 27

12-14 years later in the mischel marshmallow experiment

Answer 27

those who resisted the marshmallow were more socially competent and self-assertive; less likely to freeze under stress; more confident; better able to concentrate; more eager to learn; high SAT scores.

Question 28

delayed gratification is key component of what

Answer 28

emotional self-regulation

Question 29

john gottmon

Answer 29

longitudinal study, those who had parents who understood their own emotions and transmitted knowledge to their children were likely to be more successful in life.

Question 30

intellectual levels of disability | mild 55-70

Answer 30

- can reach 6th grade skill level; capable of living independently and self support.

Question 31

moderate 40-55

Answer 31

can reach second grade skill level: work in sheltered environments with moderate supervision ( significant delays in language and motor skills)

Question 32

severe 25-40

Answer 32

can learn to talk and perform basic self-care skills, need constant supervision

Question 33

profound- below 25

Answer 33

limited ability to learn; poor language and self care skills needs constant supervision

Question 34

personality ID

Answer 34

a moral part of personality, pleasure principle- desire for immediate gratification for needs with no regard for consequences, contains all biological drives, drives are active, person feels increase tension both physically and psychologically

Question 35

libido

Answer 35

tension is high, unpleasant, the goal is to reduce libido by fulfilling drive, eat when hungry, drink when thirsty, satisfy sex drive

Question 36

ego

Answer 36

rational, logical

Question 37

reality principle

Answer 37

will satisfy needs of ID only when it doesn't lead to negative consequences.

Question 38

superego

Answer 38

moral center of personality, develops as pre-school child

Question 39

conscience

Answer 39

images/rules of undesirable behavior (morally wrong, guilt)

Question 40

five stages of personality development

Answer 40

1. oral stage 2. anal stage 3. phallic stage 4. latency 5. genital stage

Question 41

alfred adler

Answer 41

inferiority- exaggerated feelings of personal incompetence | superiority- way of maintaining a sense of worth, exaggerated arrogance

Question 42

healthy lifestyles

Answer 42

attain meaningful goals and get along with others

Question 43

karen horney

Answer 43

believed that personality is driven by personal anxiety

Question 44

basic anxiety

Answer 44

have this since birth because born into bigger powerful world compared to child

Question 45

maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Answer 45

focused on most well adjusted fully functioning people,

Question 46

raymond cattell

Answer 46

defined two types of traits 1. surface tries- what aport defined 2. source trait- more basic "basic traits" that underlie surface traits

Question 47

five factor model

Answer 47

mcrae and costa

Question 48

five factors model

Answer 48

1. openness (creative, curious to conventional) 2. conscientiousness (organized, reliable to careless) 3. extraversion ( sociable to reserved) 4. agreeableness (good-natured, helpful to rude) 5. neuroticism ( worrying, insecure to relaxed) OCEAN

Question 49

reciprocal determinism

Answer 49

personalities are shaped by the interaction of 1. internal personal factors 2. environmental factors 3. behaviors

Question 50

4 models to explain psychological disorders

Answer 50

1. behavioral 2. cognitive 3. biological 4. social cognitive

Question 51

behavioral model

Answer 51

individuals learn problems or disordered behaviors, looking at modeling and reinforcement

Question 52

cognitive model

Answer 52

result of illogical thinking patterns, ex: anxiety model result of illogical, irrational thought processes, magnification of situations overgeneralization- single event as a never-ending pattern

Question 53

biological model

Answer 53

have a biological/medical cause, chemical imbalance, mood disorders- imbalance of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 54

social cognitive

Answer 54

interactions between ones trait and ones situation,

Question 55

4 disillusions of schizophrenia

Answer 55

1. persecution 2. reference 3. granduer 4. control