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Psych general Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Cocktail party phenomenon

A

Paying attention to one thing at a party but hear name called from another person there

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2
Q

Divided attention

A

Ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time (attention is divided)

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3
Q

Automatic processing

A

Can perform familiar tasks with this…don’t need to focus full attention on task. But it doesn’t allow for rapid response to change

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4
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing on part of sensorium and ignoring another (cocktail party phenomenon)

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5
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Creates cohesive image before knowing what it is. See all of the features (by parallel processing and feature detection) before knowing what it actually is

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6
Q

Top-down processing

A

Recognize whole object and then recognize components based on expectations

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7
Q

Perceptual organization

A

Ability to use top-down and bottom-up processing in tandem- need this to see complete image. Most objects are incomplete so infer from depth, form, motion, consistency

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8
Q

Gestalt principles

A

Ways for brain to infer missing parts of object

  • law of Proximity
  • law of similarity
  • law of good continuation
  • subjective contours
  • law of closure
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9
Q

Law of proximity

A

Gestalt. Objects close together are perceived as one. Ex: see a square when 4 circles grouped together

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10
Q

Law of similarity

A

Gestalt. Similar objects tend to be group together

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11
Q

Law of good continuation

A

Gestalt. Elements that follow same path tend to be grouped together

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12
Q

Subjective contours

A

Gestalt. See shapes that aren’t actually there in stimulus

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13
Q

Law of closure

A

Gestalt. When space is enclosed by contour, it is seen as a complete figure

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14
Q

Controlled processing

A

Effortful memorization, with practice can become automatic

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15
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repetition of piece of info

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16
Q

Mnemonics

A

Phrases that stand for info

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17
Q

Method of loci

A

Associating object with location

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18
Q

Peg-word

A

Associating object with number that rhymes with object

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19
Q

Chunking

A

Clustering elements together (letters into words)

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20
Q

Sensory memory

A

Last for about 1 sec. What you see (iconic) and hear (auditory)

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21
Q

Short-term memory

A

Lasts for 30 sec. Limited in capacity, 7+/- 2 rule

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22
Q

Working memory

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A

Let’s us keep info in our consciousness and manipulate it (let’s us do math)

23
Q

Long term memory

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A

Limitless capacity and duration. Elaborative rehearsal. 2 types: implicit and explicit

24
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

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A

Association of info with knowledge that is already stored in long term memory

25
Implicit memory
Type of long term. Unconscious. Procedural (skills) falls under this category
26
Explicit memory
Category of long term. Conscious. Episodic (events) and semantic fall under it (facts)
27
Semantic network
Concepts linked together based on similarity
28
Spreading activation
When one part of semantic network is activated, the other linked concepts around it are unconsciously activated
29
Retrieval
Demonstrating that something was learned and retained
30
Recall
Retrieval and statement of previously learned info
31
Recognition
Identifying piece of info that was previously learned
32
Relearning
Learning it again after amount of time. Longer time, better able to remember it (spacing effect). Easier second time
33
Priming
Recall is added by first being presented with word or phrase that is close to semantic memory
34
Context effect
Retrieval cue. Memory is asked by being in physical place where memory was encoded
35
State-dependent memory
Retrieval cue. Remember better when feeling same as you where when encoding memory
36
Serial position effect
Retrieval cue appears while learning lists. Primacy effect is tendency to remember first things and recency effect is tendency to remember later things
37
Alzheimer's disease
Retrograde amnesia. Progressive dementia (loss of cognitive function). Sun downing: increase in dysfunction at night. Shrinkage of hippocampus and cortex
38
Korsakoff's syndrome
Retrograde and anterograde amnesia. Confabulation: creating vivid but fabricated memories
39
Agnosia
Inability to recognize objects
40
Interference
Retrieval error caused by existence of other similar info.
41
Proactive interference
Old memories interfere with making new memories
42
Retroactive interference
New memories interference with old memories
43
Misinformation effect
Have incorrect memory because provided with false info
44
Source amnesia
Remember details but don't know context in which you learned details (unknown source)
45
Neural plasticity
Phenomenon of neural connections forming rapidly in response to stimuli
46
Synaptic pruning
Weak neural connections are broken and strong ones are bolstered
47
Long term potentiation
Neurons become more efficient with releasing neurotransmitters and at same time the receptor sites at other side of synapse increases which increases receptor density
48
Primary factors that influence motivation
Drives (uncomfortable) Instincts (innate) Needs (maslows hierarchy of needs) Arousal (u shaped curve)
49
Maslows hierarchy of needs (high to low importance)
``` Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self-actualization ```
50
Opponent process theory
Body responds to event with opposite ( so if drug is stimulant, then body will depress you)
51
3 elements of emotion
Cognitive response Physiological response Behavioral response
52
James-Lange theory of emotion
Get physiological response first and then have cognitive response after. So you could say I know I'm angry because my heart is racing
53
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
Physiological response and cognitive response occur simultaneously. "I am scared and my heart is racing....let me get out of here!" Fails to explain the vagus nerve.
54
Schachter-singer theory of emotion
Nervous system arousal and cognitive appraisal simultaneously. Then conscious action. "I am excited because my heart is racing. Everyone is happy now"

Psychology (5 decks)

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