psych midterm

Question 1

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 1

tendency to overestimate dispositional causes and underestimate situational causes in others.

Question 2

Stereotype Threat

Answer 2

when your performance and behavior are negatively affected by the knowledge of stereotypes others likely have about your identity.

Question 3

Stereotype

Answer 3

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Question 4

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 4

mental conflict occurring when your beliefs are contradictory to your actions

Question 5

Conformity

Answer 5

tendency for people to change their beliefs to more closely match held by groups they want to be in good standing with

Question 6

roles

Answer 6

set of expectations about how someone is supposed to behave in a given situation

Question 7

obedience

Answer 7

behavior in compliance with a direct command, often one issued by a person in a position of authority

Question 8

groupthink

Answer 8

tendency for people in groups to want to or to actually think the same

Question 9

group polarization

Answer 9

tendency for people in a group to hold more extremist views compared to when outside the group

Question 10

deindividuation

Answer 10

a feeling of anonymity and extreme conformity in a crowd / mob mentality

Question 11

prejudice

Answer 11

a negative attitude toward another person or group formed before having any experience with that person or group

Question 12

discrimination

Answer 12

differential treatment of the members of different ethnic, religious, national, or other groups.

Question 13

Just World Phenomenon

Answer 13

tendency for people to believe that good things happen to people and etc

Question 14

What is the role of neurons and how do they function?

Answer 14

Neurons transmit information between the brain and the rest of the body. They function by receiving information in their dendrites, sending the signal down the axon, and releasing it to another neuron in the terminal.

Question 15

How do neurotransmitters function?

Answer 15

Neurotransmitters are released from the terminal of a neuron and then attach to a specific receptor on another neuron.

Question 16

How does the nervous system compare to the endocrine system?

Answer 16

Neurons send electrical signals through neurons, while the endocrine system sends hormones through the bloodstream.

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

Regulates automatic functions of the body (breathing, heart beating) and controls reflexes

Question 18

Thalamus

Answer 18

Takes information from all senses (except smell) and redirects them to rest of brain

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

Regulates coordination, balance, and emotions

Question 20

Hippocampus

Answer 20

Deals with memory

Question 21

Reticular Formation

Answer 21

Large network of neurons from spinal cord to thalamus; involved in arousal/alertness

Question 22

Pituitary Gland

Answer 22

Manages brain hormone levels; Controls other glands in the brain

Question 23

Corpus Callosum

Answer 23

Connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 24

Amygdala

Answer 24

Controls emotions; linked to reward system

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

Controls pituitary gland; manages sleep patterns and hunger; controls autonomic (involuntary) bodily functions

Question 26

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 26

Layer of gray matter around the outside of the cerebral hemispheres; associated with higher cognitive function

Question 27

Occipital Lobe

Answer 27

Controls vision; located in back of brain

Question 28

Temporal Lobe

Answer 28

Processes audio and short-term memory; located near ears

Question 29

Parietal Lobe

Answer 29

Discriminates between different objects and processes speech; located in upper central part of brain hemisphere

Question 29

Frontal Lobe

Answer 29

Makes decisions & controls personality; located in front of brain hemisphere

Question 30

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 30

Stimulus that elicits an unlearned response (UCR)

Question 31

Unconditioned Response

Answer 31

Unlearned response from UCS

Question 32

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 32

Stimulus that does not normally elicit a response

Question 33

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 33

Stimulus that has been associated with UCR; same as NS

Question 34

Conditioned Response

Answer 34

Learned response to CS; same as UCR

Question 35

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 35

Encouraging a behavior by giving something wanted

Question 36

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 36

Encouraging a behavior by removing something unwanted

Question 37

Positive Punishment

Answer 37

Discouraging a behavior by giving something unwanted

Question 38

Negative Punishment

Answer 38

Discouraging a behavior by taking away something wanted

Question 39

Fixed-Ratio Partial Schedule

Answer 39

For a fixed number of behaviors, a reward is given (ex: press button 5 times = 1 reward)

Question 40

Fixed-Interval Partial Schedule

Answer 40

A reward is given at a specific interval (ex: 1 reward every 30 min)

Question 41

Variable-Ratio Partial Schedule

Answer 41

For a random number of behaviors, a reward is given (ex: gambling)

Question 42

Variable-Interval Partial Schedule

Answer 42

A reward is given at a random interval

Question 43

Which partial schedule is the most effective?

Answer 43

Variable Ratio

Question 44

Which partial schedule is the least effective?

Answer 44

Variable Interval

Question 45

Which part of the neuron receives information?

Answer 45

Dendrites

Question 46

Which part of the neuron transmits information to other neurons?

Answer 46

Terminal

Question 47

Which part of the neuron sends information from one end to the other?

Answer 47

Axon

Question 48

What part of the neuron insulates the axon and improves conduction?

Answer 48

Myelin sheath