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psych classes > psych of aging midterm > Flashcards

psych of aging midterm Flashcards

1
Q

scientific study of the development process of aging from maturity through old age
- scientific study of older people as a group

A

gerontology

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2
Q

form of discrimination against older adults based on their age

A

ageism

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3
Q

middle age
- mid-life crisis
early adulthood
- people think we are stupid, lazy
- we use technology to much
- don’t know how to interact with people

A

age-related stereotypes across adulthood

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4
Q

calendar year
- donesn’t take in the whole picture

A

chronological age

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5
Q

functional level of the biological system

A

biological age

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6
Q

ability to live independently
- basic activities of daily living
- instrumental activities od dialy living

A

functional age

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7
Q

personal hygiene or grooming, dressing, toileting, transferring or ambulating, and eating

A

basic activities of daily living (BADLs)

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8
Q

managing finances and medications, food preparation, housekeeping, and laundry

A

instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

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9
Q

the roles and norms prescribed by a culture about what should or shouldn’t happen at all

A

social (cultural) age

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10
Q

memory, intelligence, emotions

A

psychological age

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11
Q

how old we “feel”

A

percieved age

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12
Q

lifelong
- we also have formative changes in adulthood like how we do in childhood
multidimentional
- each system of our being changes
- each system may be influenced at different times
mutlidirectional
- development is both forward and backward. not linear line
plastic
- more changes in brain based on the things we do
historical and cultural context
- historical events, the technology we use and have

A

Balte’s principles of lifespan development

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13
Q
  • normal to occur
  • things that happen to almost everyone based on what age
    ex: puberty
  • can also be societal norms
    ex: age of marraige, age of when to have kids
A

age-normative (normative age-graded)

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14
Q

happen at a specific point in time, changes the way we develop
ex: covid, fasion, tehcnology

A

history-normative

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15
Q
  • events/experiences that happen just to you
  • things that are common but don’t happen to everyone
  • specific to the individual
A

non-normative influences

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16
Q
  • differnces caused by chronological age
  • different uses of why we use something
    ex: technology
A

age effects

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17
Q

different experiences between the cohorts

A

cohort’s effects

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18
Q

normal, disease-free change over the life span

A

primary aging

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19
Q

developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle and other environmentally induced changes taht are not inevitable

A

secondary aging

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20
Q

rapid losses that occur shortly before death

A

tertiary aging

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21
Q

differences that change our data based on the time we are studying

A

time of measurement effects

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22
Q

same individuals are studied repeatedly over a substantial length of time; intraindividual change
- it takes a long time
- intraindividual change: how participants change over-time

A

longitudinal

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23
Q
  • examines changes within individuals over time (intraindividual change) provides a development analysis
  • expansive and time consuming. participants attrition. cohort effects. pratice effects
A

advantages/disadvantages of longitudinal

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24
Q

samples from several age groups observed/assessed at the same time; interindidivual differences
- multiple samples of different ages
- interindividual changes: changes between the participants. even sompare

A

cross-sectional

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25
Q
  • examines change between participants of different ages at the same point in time (interindidivual change). Provides information on age-related change
  • cannot examine change over time. cohort effects
A

advantages/disadvantages of cross-sectional

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26
Q

assess different groups of people of the same age at different historical times
ex: adolescnets in 1970, 1990, 2010)
- different groups of people and compare them
- taking different groups of people and compare them
can look at how the historical time changes how the participants differ or compare

A

time-lag

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27
Q

combinations of cross-sectional and longitudinal design
- running multiple designs at the same time

A

sequential

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28
Q

running many longitudinal designs
- can examine the intraindividual
- can also do interindidivual comparing

A

time-sequential

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29
Q

timeline of social expectations

A

social clock

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30
Q

puberty, menopause, physical abilities

A

biological clock

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31
Q

phsycial location
- house, apartment, public transportation

A

physical environment

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32
Q

things you use and consume
- food stores, computer, doctors, going out to bars/resturants

A

functional environment

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33
Q

people you interact with. relationships that impact you
- professors, roomates, boyfriends, co-workers

A

interpersonal environment

34
Q

personally meaningful that effect/impact/interact with yout environment. things you like or don’t like

A

subjective envrionment

35
Q

our immediate contexts; regular interaction
- immediate, direct influence
ex: family, school/work, friends

A

microsystem

36
Q

interactions between two or more microsystems
ex: work-life balance, family friends

A

mesosystem

37
Q

environmental contexts that do not directly involve the developing person; indirect influences
ex: spouse’s workplace, cimmunity boards

A

exosystem

38
Q

social/cultural blueprint, intangible influences
- cultural patterns, political philosophies, economins policies, and social conditions
ex: social norms, religious beliefs, philosophies

A

macrosystem

39
Q

temporal context; change over the lifespan, histroical time

A

chronosystem

40
Q

internal characteristics about the devloping person
- age, sex, health, abilitiesm temperament

A

the devleloping person

41
Q

the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that contribute to individual and organizational performance

A

individual competence

42
Q

the demands the envrionment puts on people

A

environmental press

43
Q

functioning at a comforatable level

A

adaptive behaviors/level

44
Q

competence is good but press is more to have more motivation

A

zone of maximum performance

45
Q

decreases in press and high competence

A

zone of maximum comfort

46
Q

cells have limited number of replications

A

hayflick limit

47
Q
  • telomeres (tips of chromosomes) get shorter and shorter
  • limits the ability to replicate
  • stress and exercise
A

cellular theory (programming senescence)

48
Q

decreases in efficiency of our immune system

A

Immunological theory

49
Q

master genetic control for immune system

A

main histocompatibility complex (MHC)

50
Q

hormones play a role in aging process

A

neuroendocrine theory

51
Q

axis changes have effcts on the entire body

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)

52
Q

aging as a function of use and improper repair/maintenance
- Unrepairable damage

A

Wear-and-tear theory

53
Q

Build-up of free radicals (highly reactive chemicals produced randomly during normal cellular metabolism)

A

Free radical theory

54
Q

immune system attacks healthy cells

A

Autoimmune theory

55
Q
  • Epidermis: thinner and more fragile
  • Collagen: fibers less flexible
  • Elastin: fibers less springy
  • Fat layer: diminishes
A

Wrinkles are the result of a four-step process

56
Q

bone loss

A

osteoporosis

57
Q

joint loss

A

osteoarthritis

58
Q

the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision

A

cataracts

59
Q

farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age

A

presbyopia

60
Q

a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

61
Q

reducation in the size of the pupil that occurs in old age and that is cuased by atrophy of the muscles controlling dilation of the pupil

A

senile miois

62
Q

condition affecting the central part of the retina and resulting in distoration or loss of central vision

A

macular degeneration

63
Q

bilateral age-related hearing loss

A

presbycusis

64
Q

partical loss of sense of taste

A

Hypogeusia

65
Q

degeneration of sense of smell due to aging

A

Presbyosmia

66
Q

heart condition that include diseased vessels, strutural problems, and blood clots
- is the leading cause of death (1/3) in all ethnic groups in the U.S.

A

Cardiovascular disease

67
Q

damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

A

stroke

68
Q

the force of blood agaisnt the artery walls is too high

A

hypertension

69
Q

a disease caused by an uncontrolled dividion of abnormal cells in a part of the body

A

cancer

70
Q

the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of cardiohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine

A

diabetes mellitus

71
Q

the maximum age that a member of a species can survive

A

lifespan

72
Q

the average age a person can expect to live based in environmental, lifestyle, behavioral and genetic factors

A

life expectancy

73
Q

brief sensory representation of the stimulus that exists in the observable environment

A

sensroy memory

74
Q

the amont of attention one has to apply to a particular situation

A

Processing resources

75
Q

Older adults may have difficulty inhibiting the processing of irrelevant information

A

Inhibitory loss

76
Q

Older adults are just as able to multitask but perform each task a bit more slowly

A

Attention changes

77
Q

faculties of the human mind that can hold a limited amount of information temporarily

A

Short-term memory

78
Q

information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized
- Smaller age differences than explicit memory

A

Implicit memory (procedural memory)

79
Q

long-term memory thats concerned with recollection of facts and events
- Performance on explicit memory tasks declines with age

A

Explicit memory (declarative)

80
Q

type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers, which is essential for the use and understanding of language
- Knowing the date, the president
- General knowledge of the world
- May increase

A

semantic memory

81
Q

long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of previous experiences together with their contect in terms of time, place, assocaiation emotions

A

episodic memory

82
Q

early conceptualized of intelligence viewed it as being one general construct

A

general intelligence

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