Psych path Flashcards
Infant deprivation effects
Long term: low muscle tone, poor language, poor socialization, lack of basic trust, anaclitic depression (infant withdrawn/unresponsive), weight loss, physical illness
The 4W:
Weak
Wordless, wanting (socially)
Wary
Deprivation for >6 months can lead to irreversible changes.
Severe deprivation can result in infant death
Child abuse: physical
Healed fracture on x ray, burn, subdural hematoma, multiple bruises, retinal hemorrhage or detachment
Abuser: usually male car giver
Epi: 3000 death/yr in US, 80%< 3 yrs of age
Child abuse: sexual abuse
Genital, anal, oral trauma: STI, UTI
Abuser: known to victim, usually male
Epi: peak at 9-12 yrs of age
Child neglect
MOST COMMON form of child maltreatment
Evidence: poor hygiene, malnutrition, withdrawal, impaired social/emotional development, FTT
As with child abuse, child neglect must be reported to local protective services
Childhood and early onset disorder:
Attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD)
ONSET BEFORE AGE 7
Hyperactivity, impulsitivity, inattention.
Normal intelligence, but commonly difficulty at school
Continue to adulthood in 50% of individuals
Associated with low frontal lobe volume
Tx: methylphenidate, amphetamine, atomoxetine, behavioral intervention (reinforcement, reward)
Childhood and early onset disorder:
conduct disorder
Repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic right of others (physical aggression, destruction or property)
After 18 years of age, many of these pts will meet criteria for the diagnosis of ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Childhood and early onset disorder:
oppositional defiant disorder
Enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violation of social norms
Childhood and early onset disorder:
Tourette’s syndrome
Onset before age 18.
Suddent rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor and vocal tics that persist for >1yr.
Coprolalia (involuntary obscene speech) in 10-20% pts
Associated with OCD
Tx: antipsychotic and BT
Childhood and early onset disorder:
Separation anxiety disorder
Common onset at 7-9 years of age
Overwhelming fear of separation from home or loss of attachment figure.
May lead to factitious physical complaints to avoid going to or staying at school
Treatment: SSRI and relaxation techniques/behavioral intervention.
Pervasive developmental disorders:
Difficulties with language and failure to acquire or early loss of social skills
Pervasive developmental disorders:
autistic disorder
Language impairment and poor social interaction
Greater focus on objects than on people.
Repetitive behavior and usually below normal intelligence.
Rarely accompanied by usually ability (savants)
More common in boys
Tx: behavior, supportive tx to improve communication and social skills
Med when appropriate (disruptive, harmful behavior)
Pervasive developmental disorders:
Asperger’s disorder
Milder form of autism
All-absorbing interests, repetitive behavior, and problems with social relationships
Child are of normal intelligence and lack verbal or cognitive deficits
No language impairment
Pervasive developmental disorders:
Rett’s disorder
X linked disorder seen in girls
Affected males die in utero or shortly after birth
Symptoms at age 1-4, including:
Regression characterized by loss of development Loss of verbal abilities Mental retardation Ataxia Stereotyped hand-wringing
Pervasive developmental disorders:
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Common age 3-4 years
Marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of apparently normal development
Significant loss of expressive or receptive language skills,
social skills, or adaptive behavior, bowel, or bladder control, play or motor skills.
More common in boys
