PSYCH: Sensation + Perception

Question 1

Detection

Answer 1

In order to sense, we must be able to detect stimulation from the outside world

Question 2

Transduction

Answer 2

The information that is detected must be translated into an electrochemical message

Question 3

Bottom-up processing

Answer 3

The neural processing that starts with the physical stimulus/sensation.

Question 4

Top-down processing

Answer 4

Using past experiences and knowledge to percieve information

Question 5

What are the principles of Gestalt?

Answer 5

There are six principles of Gestalt, which are basically “illusions’ created by your brain in order to percieve the world around you better.

1- Figure-ground (background and foreground)
2- Proximity (close together = group together)
3- Similarity (same colour = same group)
4- common fate (same group = moving same way)
5- closure (filling parts of lines which are not there)
6- good continuation (perceiving the part of the key thats hidden)

Question 6

Light is a form of ___________

Answer 6

electromagnetic radiation

Question 7

What is the range of visible wavelengths that we can detect?

Answer 7

400nm-700nm

Question 8

Rods and Cones are connected to __________

Answer 8

Bipolar cells

Question 9

Bipolar cells are connected to ____________

Answer 9

Ganglion cells

Question 10

The axons of the ganglion cells bunch up to form the ________ _______.

Answer 10

optic nerve.

Question 11

Sclera

Answer 11

white stuff of eye

Question 12

cornea

Answer 12

protective layer of eye

Question 13

pupil

Answer 13

hole allows light in

Question 14

lens

Answer 14

helps to focus light on photosensitive cells

Question 15

cones

Answer 15

process colour and details, more found in fovea
-> midget bipolar cell -> P-cell (small ganglion)

Question 16

rods

Answer 16

process low levels of light and MOTION -> diffuse bipolar -> M-cell (large ganglion)

Question 17

Visual information processing:

Answer 17

1- retina
2- thalamus (lateral ganiculate nucleus
3- occipital lobe
4- parietal, temporal lobes and limbic system

Question 18

parietal tells u _______ something is

Answer 18

where

Question 19

temporal tells u ________ something is

Answer 19

what

Question 20

limbic system gives an ____________ response when seeing something, such as a dead relative

Answer 20

emotional

Question 21

trichromatic theory (young-holtzmann)

Answer 21

three primary colours, therefore there are three cones that are maximally responsive to these colours, activation of these cones tells the brain what colour to percieve.

Question 22

Opponent-process theory

Answer 22

explains complimentary after-images.
We have 4 primary colours + black and white which ‘oppose’ each other

Question 23

Absolute threshold

Answer 23

Absolute threshold is the minimum amount of intensity required to create a conscious experience. It is not absolute, it can vary from individual to individual.