Psych/Soc 2 : Ethics Flashcards
Scientific Method
Designing Research (Before Starting) MUST assume treatments are equal
Equipoise
A study cannot be conducted if the experimenters know that one treatment is better than another (or the control)
Morally Relevant Differences
Reasons it is OK to treat (Groups of) people differently
CAN BE MRDS:
Age
Population Size
Religion
NOT MRDs
Race
Ethnicity
Sexual Orientation
Financial Status (Rich vs. Poor)
Respect for Persons
Autonomy
Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Vulnerable Persons (Special Rules)
Informed Consent
Let people know upfront all the risks in the study (even those in control group)
No long-term damage/trauma, even with informed consent is allowed
Beneficence / Nonmalefilence
Actions taken by experimenters must be taken with positive, helpful (hopefully, achievable) goals
Most cases, No harm inflicted on participants
Rare cases, minimal harm and potential for good outweighs harm, duly informed
Population
Large set of individuals you are trying to make conclusions about
Sample
A subset of population
Hawthorne Effect
Effect of Awareness of participants that they are being observed/being studied
Systemic Error
Data is consistently skewed in one direction
Sample Size has no effect
Random Error
Smaller Sample Size: Possible Random Error, Underrepresentative Population, High Variance
Large Sample Size: Error Averages out
p
There is a less than 5% chance that the link/correlation is random
