Psych Social psychology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency for observers when analyzing others behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Peripheral route persuasion
Occurs when interested people focus on the argument’s cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.
Central route persuasion
Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with larger requests
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
Conformity
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Normative Social Influence
Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
Social Facilitation
Improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others.
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Group polarization
The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
Groupthink
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Prejudice
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involved stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings.
Stereotype
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Just-world phenomenon
The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Ingroup bias
The tendency to favor our own group (people who are white, people who are of a same gender identity etc).
Scapegoat theory
The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately then faces of other races.
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle that frustration creates anger which can generate aggression.
Mere exposure effect
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking for them.
Bystander effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt those who have helped them.
Mirror-image perceptions
Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
Superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation.
