Psych Test 2

Question 0

A couple warns their new babysitter that Denis is aggressive and mischievous. The babysitter starts calling the child Denis the menace and behaves in a way that elicits aggressive behavior from Denis.

Answer 0

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 1

A person is late for class. She is least likely to attribute her tardiness to:

Answer 1

her lack of organizational skills

Question 2

Within the context of a person trying to explain why she did well on an exam, an internal attribution is to an external attribution as __________ is to _________.

Answer 2

intelligence; an easy test

Question 3

If you see someone drop their books in the hall, according to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain it?

Answer 3

she’s clumsy

Question 4

When you do poorly on a test you remind yourself of all the distractions you had that week. What are you displaying?

Answer 4

Self-serving bias

Question 5

In a recent soft ball game, a person misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later, she made a great catch on a difficult play. According to self-serving bias she would attribute her error to __________ and her good catch to ___________.

Answer 5

bad bounce; good fielding skills

Question 6

“Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I’ll die having a good time.” What is this person trying to reduce?

Answer 6

Cognitive dissonance

Question 7

We have an advertising committee from a politician going door to door asking people to put a big sign on their lawn. If they refuse they ask if they would put a small sign on their lawn. What technique is this?

Answer 7

door-in-the-face

Question 8

A person on campus asks you if you’d be wiling to wear a ribbon to support their cause. The ribbon is unattractive, but its so small you agree to wear it. After agreeing, they ask for a donation of $15. What technique is this?

Answer 8

foot-in-the-door

Question 9

____________ helps individuals resist persuasion.

Answer 9

Inoculation

Question 10

If you were to donate one of your kidneys you would be demonstrating a _________ view of human nature.

Answer 10

altruistic

Question 11

When compared with adolescents who do not play violent video games,

Answer 11

video game players are more likely to engage in delinquent acts.

Question 12

The bystander effect occurs because

Answer 12

all of the above

Question 13

A quiet individual found her self swept into the activities of mardigras. Social psychology would attribute her behavior to

Answer 13

deindividuation

Question 14

The term risky shift is used to describe the tendency to

Answer 14

endorse riskier decisions when it is a group rather than an individual decision.

Question 15

A new department head wants everyone to get on board with the restructuring of the department. He uses public reprimands with anyone who disagrees, but praises harmony. He is creating an atmosphere of

Answer 15

groupthink

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding health?

Answer 16

Loneliness can lead to early death

Question 17

William James described the human mind as:

Answer 17

a stream of consciousness.

Question 18

What do drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation have in common?

Answer 18

they produce altered states of consciousness

Question 19

According to Freud ________ mental processes occur without a person being aware of them.

Answer 19

unconscious

Question 20

The concept of Theory of Mind is best described as…

Answer 20

an understanding that everyone thinks, feels, and perceives and has private experiences.

Question 21

Thinking about thinking is referred to as ___________.

Answer 21

metacognition

Question 22

The 24-hour biological cycle that regulates our pattern of sleep is..

Answer 22

circadian rhythms.

Question 23

Sleep deprivation has been shown to…

Answer 23

all of the above

Question 24

Someone is unaware that he has been called for the past 5 minutes - he is playing a video game and about to move to the last level. This is an example of:

Answer 24

selective attention

Question 25

If you check on your sleeping child and observe his eyes moving back and forth under his eyelids, it is likely that he is:

Answer 25

dreaming.

Question 26

Dreams occurring during ______ sleep are briefer, less vivid, and less emotionally charged compared to those during _______ sleep.

Answer 26

non-REM sleep; REM sleep

Question 27

Someone is suffering from sleep apnea and he reawakens as often as 500 times during the night due to a:

Answer 27

lack of oxygen

Question 28

According to Sigman Freud, dreams are...

Answer 28

unconscious desires which we wish to fulfill.

Question 29

The need to take increasing amounts of a drug in order to get the same effect.

Answer 29

tolerance

Question 30

Drugs that create a sense of relaxation and lowered inhibitions by reducing the activity of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 30

Depressants

Question 31

The definition of a binge drinking episode includes ______ or more drinks in a row.

Answer 31

5

Question 32

The most widely used stimulants are

Answer 32

caffeine and nicotine.

Question 33

In terms of states of consciousness, hypnosis involves...

Answer 33

a state of altered attention and expectation.

Question 34

In Pavlov's well known study on classical conditioning, the bell was the _______ before conditioning and the _________ after conditioning.

Answer 34

neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus

Question 35

If you were trying to use classical conditioning to teach your goldfish to come to the top of the tank when you turn on the light, what would you suggest to improve the training technique?

Answer 35

turn on the light before putting food in the water.

Question 36

You receive a static shock each time you touch your car door. What is the conditioned response?

Answer 36

flinching before touching the door

Question 37

Jennifer was stung by a bee several days ago. Now she cries whenever any flying insect comes too close.

Answer 37

generalization

Question 38

Someone is afraid of going to the dentist, but not the doctor.

Answer 38

discrimination

Question 39

A dog salivates when the fridge door opens. His owner experimented by opening the door, but not gibing the dog food. The dog stopped salivating.

Answer 39

extinction has occurred

Question 40

A couple broke up after having a romantic relationship. The woman gets a whiff of his cologne in the mall and good feelings come flowing back. What has happened?

Answer 40

Spontaneous recovery

Question 41

It should take 30 minutes for an aspirin to relieve a headache, but this person feels better within minutes. this is an example of

Answer 41

the placebo effect

Question 42

Someone is taking an agent that causes nausea when he smokes a cigarette. this is an example of

Answer 42

aversive conditioning

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT associated with Skinner?

Answer 43

Condition Stimulus

Question 44

Somebody takes his car in for routine maintenance every 3,000 miles. He is trying to avoid a major repair bill.

Answer 44

negative reinforcement

Question 45

If through experience you come to the conclusion that all things are beyond your control and you should stop trying.

Answer 45

Learned Helplessness

Question 46

This is a reinforcer that is innately satisfying and does not require any learning to be perceived of as pleasurable.

Answer 46

Primary reinforcer

Question 47

This is a reinforcer that requires its positive value through experience.

Answer 47

secondary reinforcer

Question 48

If a boy knows that a girl he likes works every Thursday afternoon, so he visits her store only on Thursdays, what type of schedule would it be?

Answer 48

fixed interval

Question 49

A girl selling girl scout cookies never knows how many houses she has to visit before selling out her cookies. What type of schedule is this?

Answer 49

Variable ratio

Question 50

Which process determines whether or not an imitated or modeled act will be repeated?

Answer 50

reinforcement

Question 51

A girl watches as the teacher praises a boy for getting the right answer. She decides to study harder in class.

Answer 51

vicarious reinforcement

Question 52

You're most likely to store the seven digit phone number from your previous address in __________ memory.

Answer 52

long term

Question 53

Unrehearsed information stored in short term memory lasts no more than:

Answer 53

30 seconds

Question 54

A man meets 100 new people, we would expect him to remember _______ names

Answer 54

7

Question 55

If you were asked to memorize 15 letters, and you reorganize them into groups - CIA ABC FBI IRS - what method are you using?

Answer 55

Chunking

Question 56

Talking to people about what you have learned is a form of ________.

Answer 56

rehearsal

Question 57

The memory of your mom reading "Cat in the Hat" is called __________ memory.

Answer 57

episodic

Question 58

In your favorite picture you're riding with your father in a lawn mower and you like the smell of freshly mowed grass. Which cue would elicit the strongest emotional memory for you?

Answer 58

the smell of freshly cut grass.

Question 59

An HR worker noticed that the last person interviewed for a job gets hired. What effect of memory would be influencing this this practice?

Answer 59

recency

Question 60

Someone who prides themselves in never forgetting a face, but can't always put a correct name to the face, means

Answer 60

she is better at recognition than recall

Question 61

Your roommate asks for advice on how best to study for final exams. Because of your knowledge of context-department memory, what do you recommend to her?

Answer 61

Quietly in the classroom where she is going to take the exam.

Question 62

Detectives take advantage of context-dependent memory by

Answer 62

taking witnesses back to the crime scene

Question 63

An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's

Answer 63

personal identity

Question 64

The memory of where you were when you heard about 9/11.

Answer 64

flashbulb

Question 65

Repression is...

Answer 65

motivated forgetting

Question 66

You are taking Spanish and French this semester, and as you study the French vocabulary words you realize they are disrupting the Spanish words from last week.

Answer 66

Proactive

Question 67

You have an important meeting with your advisor right after your English class on Tuesday. This event is stored in your ___________ memory.

Answer 67

prospective

Question 68

A person suffering from anterograde amnesia will...

Answer 68

recall past memories, but not be able to make new ones.

Question 69

A woman's parents suffered from Alzheimer's before they died. She is in her 40s, but is concerned about her own cognitive functioning. What advice would you give her?

Answer 69

Engage in challenging cognitive tasks.

Question 70

A man manages a fast food restaurant and is frustrated because employees call in sick at the last minute. He understands the problem, what should he do next?

Answer 70

define the problem in detail.

Question 71

You have to study four chapters for your next test. If you use the strategy of sub goals you must:

Answer 71

break down the topics to be studied and focus on each in an organized sequence.

Question 72

A girl routinely uses a shredder for her junk mail into confetti size pieces. She is packing her glassware to move, and runs out of Styrofoam and decides to use the shredded junk mail. What has she overcome?

Answer 72

functional fixedness

Question 73

When scientists use theories and intuitions to make specific predictions.

Answer 73

deductive reasoning

Question 74

A couple has decided to make a new purchase. It costs a lot of money so they are spending a lot of time researching. You advise them to distract themselves before they make the decision. Is this good advice?

Answer 74

Yes; research has shown that after being distracted you are more likely to make a better decision.

Question 75

Someone got transferred to a new department. She has long believed that her new supervisor is a cranky, disagreeable person. According to confirmation bias, what will she do on the first day?

Answer 75

she will look for negative behaviors on the part of the supervisor.

Question 76

The fact that you hear about airplane crashes more often that automobile crashes might lead you to believe that you are more likely to die in a plane than in a car.

Answer 76

Availability Heuristic

Question 77

You would be most likely to seek out information to refute your hypothesis when you engage in...

Answer 77

critical thinking

Question 78

___________ thinking is best when a problem has only one right answer.

Answer 78

convergent

Question 79

The concept of _________ is best defined as the ability to do well on cognitive tasks to solve problems and to learn from experience.

Answer 79

intelligence

Question 80

If an intelligence test produces the same score over multiple administrations but does not accurately measure intelligence, then the test is _______ but not __________.

Answer 80

reliable; valid

Question 81

A six year old child with a mental age of six would have an IQ of

Answer 81

100

Question 82

If an outcome income is normally distributed this means that

Answer 82

most scores are around the average with some scores being higher and some being lower.

Question 83

Professor T. reports that more than 80% of the variation of memory capabilities can be explained by heritability. This means that environmental factors

Answer 83

will play a minor role in shaping one's memory.

Question 84

Which of Gardner's intelligence would be least important for a car salesperson?

Answer 84

bodily-kinesthetic

Question 85

According to Noam Chomsky, the fact that children all over the world acquire language at the same time indicates

Answer 85

we are pre-wired to learn language

Question 86

A woman lost her job. First she was worried about how she was going to pay her bills. Now she thinks it's a good opportunity to find that challenging job she has always wanted.

Answer 86

Cognitive reappraisal.