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Classes > Psych test 2 > Flashcards

Psych test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

executive function

A

the cognitive control of behavior, thoughts, and emotions

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2
Q

Three parts of EF

A

working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility

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3
Q

What is working memory?

A

Using and manipulating information

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4
Q

What is inhibitory control?

A

Suppressing unwanted desires such as not checking your phone when you get a message or not hitting snooze on the alarm

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5
Q

What is cognitive flexibility?

A

Switching your brain from one train of thought to another

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6
Q

Backward digit span

A

A way to test working memory in adults

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7
Q

Operation span tasks

A

solving math problems with a letter at the end and then having to recall the letters at the end

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8
Q

visual counting span

A

working memory in children.

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9
Q

Stroop tasks

A

inhibitory control. There are names of colors and they are colored different colors and the child has to say the color of the name of the color instead of the name of the color.

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10
Q

Marshmallow task

A

delay or gratification, inhibitory control

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11
Q

Plus-minus task

A

Tests cognitive flexibility in adults

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12
Q

Dimensional card change

A

tests cognitive flexibility in children

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13
Q

The pre-frontal cortex

A

most associated with EF

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14
Q

Implicit memory

A

influence of past behaviors on later behavior

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15
Q

procedural memory

A

knowing a skill from prior learning and automatically knowing how to do it later in life. Such as riding a bike

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16
Q

priming

A

making information more accessible

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17
Q

classical conditioning

A

responses between two stimuli

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18
Q

explicit memory

A

the conscious recall of information

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19
Q

semantic memory

A

remembering facts

20
Q

episodic memory

A

recalling and remembering events

21
Q

hippocampus

A

responsible for short-term memory. It is also critical for moving memories into long-term storage

22
Q

Who is HM and what happened to him?

A

He was a guy with severe epilepsy so to treat him the doctors thought they should take out his hippocampus and afterwards, his epilepsy was better but he could no longer form new memories

23
Q

encoding

A

transforming what we experience into a memory

24
Q

semantic encoding

A

relating and connecting existing knowledge to new knowledge in a meaningful way

25
Q

visual imagery encoding

A

storing new information by converting into mental pictures

26
Q

organizational encoding

A

categorizing information according to the relationships of the item

27
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

28
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to retrieve information acquired before a specific date

29
Q

consolidation

A

process by which memories become stable in the brain

30
Q

retrieval

A

recalling information that has been encoded and stored

31
Q

retrieval cue

A

external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind

32
Q

state dependent retrieval

A

memory is better when you are in the same state during encoding and retrieval

33
Q

transfer appropriate processing

A

memory is better when the encoding and retrieval methods match. For example, rhyming

34
Q

Transience

A

forgetting that occurs over time

35
Q

retroactive interference

A

later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier. For example, studying for a cumulative final but not remembering what was learned earlier in the semester

36
Q

proactive interference

A

earlier learning impairs memory for later learning. For example learning a new language

37
Q

Absentmindedness

A

lapse in attention that results in memory failure such as trying to multitask

38
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to do things in the future

39
Q

blocking

A

a failure to retrieve information available in memory even though you are trying to produce it. Tip of the tongue phenomenon

40
Q

memory misattribution

A

assigning a recollection or idea to the wrong source

41
Q

source memory

A

when, where, how

42
Q

suggestibility

A

tendency to incorporate misleading information from external
sources into personal recollections

43
Q

bias

A

current knowledge or beliefs distort recollection of previous experiences

44
Q

persistence

A

intrusive recollection of events
that we wish we could forget

45
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

detailed recollections about when and where we heard of a tragic or shocking event

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