Psych test 5 Flashcards
Sensitization
a simple form of learning that
occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus
Habituation
a general process in which
repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding
Classical conditioning
a type of learning
that occurs when a neutral stimulus
produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a
response
Unconditioned stimulus
reliably produces a
naturally occurring reaction
Unconditioned response
a reflexive reaction
that is reliably produced by
an unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
a previously neutral
stimulus; produces a
reliable response after
being paired with a US
conditioned response
unconditioned
response that is produced
by a conditioned stimulus
Acquisition
-phase when the CS and US
are presented together
-Learning occurs rapidly, then levels off
Extinction
the gradual elimination of a
learned response that occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the
US
Generalization
the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the
CS used during the acquisition
ex - Dog owner switches from manual to electric can opener
discrimination
capacity to distinguish
between similar but distinct stimuli
Instrumental behaviors
require an
organism to do something (e.g., solve a problem, manipulate elements of
environment)
Law of Effect
Behaviors that are followed by a “satisfying state of affairs” tend to be repeated and Behaviors that produce an “unpleasant state of
affairs” are less likely to be repeated
Operant behavior
behaviors operate on the environment.
- Provides events that strengthen those behaviors = environment reinforces behavior
- Provides events that make behaviors less likely to occur = environment punishes behavior
Reinforcer
any stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of the behavior that led to it
