psych test revision Flashcards
thanks brendan for the notes lmao (30 cards)
Define personality disorder
A deeply ingrained pattern of behaviour that deviates from societal norms, causing long-term issues in relationships or functioning, often evident by adolescence.
What are common traits of someone with a personality disorder?
Cannot control impulses; may lash out, acts on selfish desires.
Explain psychopathy
A lack of understanding or regard for societal norms, characterised by lack of empathy or heightened narcissism
List the 4 dimensions of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R)
Affective, Interpersonal, Lifestyle, Antisocial
What does the ‘Affective’ dimension include?
Shallow emotions, callousness, lack of empathy.
What does the ‘Interpersonal’ dimension include?
Manipulativeness, grandiose sense of self-worth.
What does the ‘Lifestyle’ dimension include?
Impulsivity, irresponsibility.
What does the ‘Antisocial’ dimension include?
Childhood behavior problems, poor behavior control.
Define antisocial behaviour
Voluntary behaviour that breaks social norms with no benefit to others; disregard for others.
How does antisocial behaviour relate to psychopathy?
Common in psychopaths due to lack of empathy and disregard for others.
Define prosocial behaviour
Voluntary behaviour intended to benefit others.
How does prosocial behaviour relate to psychopathy?
Can be mimicked by psychopaths to manipulate or achieve goals.
Which brain area is linked to impulse control and decision-making?
Prefrontal cortex.
What does the amygdala regulate?
Extreme emotions like fear, anger, and sadness.
What is psychosis?
A distorted perception of reality marked by hallucinations or delusions.
Is therapy effective for treating psychopathy?
Therapy is an option but generally not very effective.
Why do psychopaths have an advantage in the workplace?
Their traits (decisiveness, charisma, cunning) can appear as strengths.
What are the 3 stages of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval.
What is encoding in memory?
Converting information into a form the brain can understand.
What is storage in memory?
Holding information over time (short and long term).
What is retrieval in memory?
Accessing stored information via recall, recognition, or relearning.
Define inattentional blindness
Failure to notice something obvious because your attention is elsewhere.
What is weapon focus?
Attention is focused on a weapon during a crime, leading to poor memory of other details.
What is memory decay?
Details of memory become distorted over time.
