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grade 12 > Psych unit 2 > Flashcards

Psych unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a neuron

A

Nerve cells that run through our entire bodies and communicate with each other

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2
Q

Where do neurons transmit impulses

A

Brain to body, and between brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is neuroplasticity

A

The brains ability to alter connections based on changes in environment

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4
Q

What are the 5 main parts of a neuron? What is the function of each?

A

Cell body: provide energy
Dendrites: receive messages
Axon: transmits messages from cell body
Axon terminals:
Sends info to other neurons
Myelin:
Insulates axon

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5
Q

What is a synapse

A

The gap between 2 neurons (terminal and dendrite) which neurotransmitters are sent across

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6
Q

What speed do neural messages travel at?

A

200mph only in 1 direction though

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7
Q

What are the 3 main neuron types? What are their functions?

A

Sensory: carry info from senses to CNS
Motor: CNS to muscles + glands
Inter: between, just in CNS

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8
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemicals stored in sacs in the Axon terminals, converted into electrical impulse when neuron is fired.

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9
Q

What is acetylcholine/ACh

A

Involved in muscle control, learning, and memory. Too little = altzheimers

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10
Q

What is dopamine

A

Involved in motor behavior and pleasure, too little = Parkinsons, too much = schizophrenia

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11
Q

What is noradrenaline

A

Involved in preparing the body for action and concentration, too little = depression

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12
Q

What is serotonin

A

Involved in emotional arousal and sleep. Too little = depression

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13
Q

what is endorphins

A

involved in pain relief, feeling “good”

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14
Q

what is Gamma-aminobutyric acid/GABA

A

involved in “calming down”- reduces neuron activity

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15
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central Nervous System = Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What is the PNS

A

Penis lol

Peripheral Nervous System = Autonomic and Somatic nervous systems,basically its all nerves outside of brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

what are stimuli

A

changes in our environment

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18
Q

what does the somatic nervous system do

A

transmits info to and from CNS; controls voluntary muscles and organs

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19
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system do

A

controls involuntary vital functions such as heart rate, digestion, breathing

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20
Q

what do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems do?

A

S: fight or flight, suppresses digestion, increases heart and respiration rates, elevates blood pressure

P: rest and digest, restores energy, normalize heart/respiration rates + blood pressure after intense activity

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21
Q

What are the 3 major parts of the hindbrain and what are their functions

A

Cerebellum: coordinates skeletal muscles based on info from cerebral cortex

Brainstem (pons + medulla):
Pons: sends signals between upper and lower parts of the brain, also regulates movement, attention, sleep
Medulla: maintains vital, involuntary actions like breathing, also transfers info to and from brain + spinal cord

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22
Q

What are the 3 stalks that attatch the cerebellum to the brain called?

A

Pendunculi

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23
Q

What do the ventral areas of the midbrain control

Study These Flashcards
A

Motor function

24
Q

What do dorsal areas of the midbrain control

Study These Flashcards
A

Sensory info, especially vision and hearing

25
What is the reticular activating system
A system important for alertness and reaction time, also involved in eye movement and sleep
26
What is the main job of the forebrain
Complex thinking and emotion ‼️‼️‼️
27
What are the 2 major divisions of the forebrain?
Diencephalon: limbic system, thalamus and hypothalamus Telencephalon: contains the cerebrum
28
What does the thalamus do
Relay sensory info
29
What does the hypothalamus do
Maintains homeostasis-> temperature, thirst, hunger, emotions, controls pituitary gland
30
What is the limbic system?
Controls behaviors that are necessary for survival, such as memory, emotion, sex, hunger, aggression, only activated when triggered
31
What is the cerebrum
The largest and most highly developed brain area, used for conscious and intellectual activities, split into 2 hemispheres
32
What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called? What does it do?
Cerebral cortex is the main thinking part, also deals with memory, language, emotions, complex motor functions, perceptions
33
What is the highway that connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
CORPUS CALLOSUM (untapped potential for warhammer character names with all this latin shit)
34
What are the 4 lobes of each hemisphere? What is the primary function of each?
Frontal: complex thinking, planning, moving, emotions Pareital: touch, pain, space, some thinking such as body language Temporal: hearing, observation, memory, some emotion Occipital: sight
35
What is the prefrontal cortex?
Top front of frontal lobe, where the highest thinking, feeling, perceiving take place
36
Where is sensory info from the lobes relayed to?
THALAMUS
37
What is an association area
An area of the cerebrum that uses information to create meaning
38
What happens in the frontal association areas?
Problem solving, planning, complex decision-making
39
What hemisphere are language functions normally based in?
Left for nearly all right-handed people, and about 67% of lefties
40
What is wernickes area?
An association area in the Temporal lobe that creates meaning from sound and sights in order to help with language skills
41
What is brocas area
Association area in the frontal lobe that controls muscles in face to physically produce speech
42
What hemisphere of the brain generally contains math and logical functions?
Same as language, so generally left
43
What is the right hemisphere generally more used for than the left?
Imagination, art, feelings, spatial relations
44
What are the 5 main ways of studying the brain? Give a brief description of each
Accidents: location of damage teaches us Lesions: cutting small parts out of an animal brain and studying change in behavior Electrical stimulation: testing out different areas of the brain by stimulating them, can help relieve pain in humans, sometimes unreliable as an info source though EEG (electroencephalogram): reading electric signals from brain with a machine, can diagnose issues Brain imaging: scanning brain to create an image of it, to diagnose issues
45
What is the amygdala
Primary centre for emotion
46
What is the hippocampus
Primary centre for long term memory
47
What is the endocrine system?
a system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
48
what glands does the pituitary gland control?
adrenals, thyroid, ovaries, testes
49
what does human growth hormone do
grows humans
50
what do prolactin and oxytocin do
P: stimulates milk production O: stimulates labour
51
what does the thyroid gland do?
produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism too much = hyperthyroidism = severe weight loss + high energy too little = hypothyroidism = severe weight gain + low energy
52
what do the adrenal glands do?
produce adrenaline and noradrenaline, makes the liver release emergency energy sugar, all to prep the body for fight/flight
53
what do the ovaries and testes do?
make progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone: -amounts differ in men vs women -develop and grow primary and secondary sexual characteristics -progesterone mainly helps with pregnancy -testosterone is a steroid
54
what is heredity
the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring, especially physical traits, only some psychological traits, psychological diseases can also be hereditary
55
what are genes
sequences of DNA in chromosomes, which determine traits of offspring by pairing up one from each parent
56
how many chromosomes do most people have?????
46 (michael cook has 47)
57

grade 12 (2 decks)

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