psych unit 2

Question 1

how many pairs of autosomes do we have

Answer 1

22

Question 2

what pair of our chromosomes are sex chromosomes

Answer 2

23rd pair

Question 3

what is the structure of our DNA

Answer 3

twisted double helix

Question 4

what DNA bases pair together

Answer 4

A-T/T-A and G-C/C-G

Question 5

how much DNA do we have in each cell

Answer 5

about 6 feet, it is tightly coiled and looped to form chromosomes

Question 6

mitosis

Answer 6

DNA replicates itself, exact copy of cell

Question 7

genes

Answer 7

segments of DNA that lie along the length of the chromosome, sequence of ACTG’s provides the genetic instructions

Question 8

what do genes actually do

Answer 8

provide blueprint for synthesis of proteins and are indirectly involved in human behavior

Question 9

examples of proteins

Answer 9

hemoglobin, antibody, collagen

Question 10

epigenetics

Answer 10

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence

Question 11

what are epigenetic changes

Answer 11

modifications to DNA that regulate whether genes are turned on or off, they do not change the sequence of ACTG’s

Question 12

meiosis

Answer 12

process that creates genetic variation, creates sperm and egg, recombination and independent assortment

Question 13

what makes each human genetically unique

Answer 13

meiosis

Question 14

why do we need genetic variety

Answer 14

so that when the environment changes, some people survive and can reproduce, otherwise species would go extinct

Question 15

how genetically unique are we

Answer 15

parent can produce over 8 million different genetic combinations in his or her gametes

Question 16

who determines the sex of offspring

Answer 16

the father

Question 17

what is the SRY

Answer 17

it is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome

Question 18

fraternal twins (dizygotic)

Answer 18

two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm, no more similar than any normal siblings

Question 19

if someone is 45 what stage are they currently in

Answer 19

adulthood

Question 20

identical twins (monozygotic)

Answer 20

one egg and one sperm

Question 21

behavioral genetics

Answer 21

studies the genetic and environmental contributions to behavior

Question 22

what is myelination

Answer 22

formation of fatty sheath around the axons of brain cells

Question 23

what can sex education during adolescence do

Answer 23

decrease the number of teenage pregnancies

Question 24

stage of development that starts at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months is called what

Answer 24

infancy

Question 25

when a baby is just born what can they do?

Answer 25

mimic facial expressions, suck, and show the rooting reflex

Question 26

according to John Bowlby, babies are born with behaviors such as crying, smiling, and cooing in order to do what

Answer 26

keep the primary caregiver close to them

Question 27

what is the cephalocaudal rule

Answer 27

motor skills develop from the head to the feet

Question 28

what is the proximodistal rule

Answer 28

babies learn to control body parts closest to their trunk before moving to the periphery

Question 29

what does developmental psychology focus on

Answer 29

continuity and changes across the human lifespan

Question 30

what would a newborn infant be most attentive to

Answer 30

faces

Question 31

what is a cultural tool that exerts influence on cognitive development

Answer 31

language

Question 32

a developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use during pregnancy is called what

Answer 32

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 33

according to Jean Piaget, __ are theories about the way the world works

Answer 33

schemas

Question 34

teratogens

Answer 34

outside agents that can potentially harm the developing organism, each organ system is most vulnerable to disruption when it is developing most rapidly

Question 35

fetal period

Answer 35

lasts about 7 months, long "finishing" period, least developed at birth is nervous system-most development of nervous system happens after birth

Question 36

important support structures

Answer 36

umbilicus, amnion, placenta

Question 37

embryonic period

Answer 37

(2-8 weeks) support structures formed early and all major organ system laid down in at least rudimentary form

Question 38

3 germinal periods

Answer 38

endoderm layer, mesoderm layer, ectoderm layer

Question 39

endoderm layer

Answer 39

digestive system, liver, pancreas, lungs

Question 40

mesoderm layer

Answer 40

circulatory system, skeletal system, muscular system

Question 41

ectoderm layer

Answer 41

hair, nails, skin, nervous system

Question 42

prenatal development

Answer 42

single most dramatic period in the lifespan, effects of environment begin here, not at birth

Question 43

non normative life events

Answer 43

events that make you unique, loss of parent at young age, car accident, winning the lottery, tend to have a cumulative impact over the course of the lifespan

Question 44

normative history graded influences

Answer 44

affect most people born at a particular point in time (birth cohort) 9/11, great depression, covid

Question 45

normative age graded influences

Answer 45

most people at a certain age experience this, retirement, getting a drivers license, starting to walk

Question 46

learning

Answer 46

more or less permanent modification in behavior or thought that results from experience in the environment

Question 47

maturation

Answer 47

sequence of changes related to genes and the neuro-maturational process that genes direct, aging, puberty, menopause

Question 48

growth

Answer 48

change that occurs via metabolic process from within the body, physical growth, hight/weight

Question 49

what is development

Answer 49

the orderly and systematic changes and continuities that occur over the lifespan

Question 50

what are the domains of development

Answer 50

physical, cognitive, socioemotional. domains are constantly interacting with each other- we are one integrated whole

Question 51

if the heritability of weight in a certain population is .50, it would be most accurate to say what?

Answer 51

that genetic variation explains about half of the differences in weight we observe among people

Question 52

trait

Answer 52

feature or characteristic of the organism

Question 53

alleles

Answer 53

alternate forms of a gene

Question 54

phenotype

Answer 54

what is actually observed

Question 55

genotype

Answer 55

set of genes/alleles for a trait

Question 56

Adoption designs (family studies)

Answer 56

looking at similarities among adopted kids and their biological vs adoptive parents

Question 57

combination twin/adoption designs

Answer 57

comparing twins reared together vs twins reared apart

Question 58

heritability

Answer 58

statistic that describes the amount of variation in a trait that can be accepted for by genetic variation among individuals