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PSYC 201 > Psych unit 6 > Flashcards

Psych unit 6 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

psychological dysfunctioning, psychopathology, psychological disorders or mental disorders
Madness was seen as demonic possession or witch or warlock possession. “Cure”, cast out evil spirit by burning or drowning

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2
Q

Paresis

A

memory loss, impairment of judgement, decrease motivation. Lead to hallucination, mood swing

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3
Q

Medical model

A

search for patterns in symptoms present. To identify a syndrome

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4
Q

Four D’s

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

A

Deviance behaviour; thoughts and emotions deviate from a society’s ideas about proper functioning (ex. Women participating in sports was considered abnormal)
Distress; emotions, ideas, or behaviours cause distress or unhappiness (ex. Diane felt upset by her negative feelings, impacted her life)
Dysfunction; abnormal behaviour interferes with everyday living (ex. Diane lost connections with friends)
Danger; more of a danger to themselves than others

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5
Q

Eccentric

A

deviates from common behaviour patterns or displays odd or whimsical behaviour. Ex. someone who lives alone with a dozen animals or Lady Gaga
Not psychological disorder but a continuum

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6
Q

Classification system

A

International classification of diseases and Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Lists 22 major categories of mental disorders

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7
Q

Diagnosis

A

persons symptoms fit the criteria for a particular disorder. Same patterns as there people who have the same diagnosis
Diane; major depressive disorder and avoidant personality disorder

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8
Q

Comorbidity

A

co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses in one person

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9
Q

Genetic infection

A

genes combine and help produce our actions and reactions, functional and dysfunctional.

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10
Q

Viral infection

A

exposure to certain viruses before birth or childhood

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11
Q

Reductionist perspectives

A

reduce complex phenomenon to a single cause

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

important areas of human development. Genetic and epigenetic factors as well as biochemical influences and differences in brain structure and function.

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13
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

person may inherit a genetic predisposition

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14
Q

Cognitive behaviours

A

private thoughts and beliefs

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15
Q

Classical conditioning

A

previous neutral object becomes paired with stimuli that makes it a fear

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16
Q

Operant conditioning

A

process of rewards and punishment. Ex. eating disorder, people complimenting you are skinny

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17
Q

Modelling

A

learning by observing others. Ex. kids following parents

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18
Q

Selective perception

A

seeing only negative features of an event

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19
Q

Magnification

A

exaggerating the importance of undesirable events

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20
Q

Overgeneralization

A

drawing broad negative conclusions on an insignificant event

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21
Q

Psychodynamic

A

persons behaviour from underlying psychological force (not consciously aware)
Fixated at early stage of development if they don’t meet id, ego or superego needs

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22
Q

Object relation theorists

A

establish relationships with others, known as objects

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23
Q

Socio-cultural model

A

social, cultural and family forces brought to bear on an individual

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24
Q

Social change

A

when society undergoes a major change. Ex. Covide increase in mental disorders

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25
Socio-economic class
psychological abnormality in lower socio-economic class than higher. Ex. poverty and unemployment
26
Cultural factors
abnormal behaviour. Ex. Suicide rates of the indigenous population has increased. Religion; found less isolated and depressed
27
Social network and supports
people who are found isolated and lack social support tend to be more likely to be depressed
28
Family systems
how family members interact with each other. Structure and communication. Ex. Diane was a third parent in the family and affected her mentally
29
Developmental Psychopathology Model
how psychological disorders evolve (based on genetics and early childhood experiences)
30
Risk factors
biological and environmental factors that contribute to negative outcomes. Can help avoid these negative outcomes
31
Equifinality
individuals can start from a variety of different places and end up functioning in similar ways
32
Multifinality
same start point but wind up in any number of different psychological places
33
Conduct disorder
equifinality, repeated violations may end up with difficult temperament. Multifinality (not every child will end up with conduct disorder)
34
Reliance
ability to recover or avoid serious effects of negative circumstances
35
Depression
low, sad state. Life seems dark and hopeless
36
Mania
opposite of depression. Breathless euphoria or frenzied energy
37
Major depressive disorder
less disabling but chronic form of depression
38
Bipolar disorder
depression but severe and cyclothymic disorder (in chronic) Major depressive disorder Severe and long lasting psychological pain that may intensify Diane example, emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive and physical Triggered by stressful events
39
Characteristics of depression
“Miserable” and “empty” Suicide Blame themselves for every unfortunate event
40
Learned helplessness
break up and think it's your fault. Experience a sense of helplessness
41
Dysfunctional attitudes
“my general worth is how I perform on this task”
42
Cognitive triad
individuals interpret their experiences, themselves and their futures in negative ways
43
Automatic thoughts
they are inadequate and that their situation is hopeless
44
Bipolar disorder
emotional roller coaster. Shift between extreme moods, both the lows of depression and high of mania Want constant excitement, involvement and companionship
45
Anxiety disorder
easily triggered and most common mental disorder
46
Generalized anxiety disorder
experience persistent feelings of worry or anxiety
47
Social anxiety disorder
persistent fears of social or performance studies
48
Panic disorder
recurrent attacks of terror
49
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety or need to perform repetitive actions to reduce anxiety
50
Post Traumatic stress disorder
intrusive fears about the horrors associated with the traumatising event
51
Generalized anxiety disorder
excessive anxiety accompanied by at least three of the following symptoms; restlessness, keyed-up behavior, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension and sleep problems Part of dysfunctional assumptions, that they are in imminent danger (best to assume the worst) Focuses on neurotransmitter imbalances.
52
Social anxiety disorder
severe, persistent and irrational fears of social or performance situations Narrow, fear of talking or writing in front of others Broad, general fear of functioning poorly in front of others Failure to meet perfectionist standards
53
Phobias
persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity or situation Five categories: Animals, natural environment, situations, blood and injections, other Classical conditioning; reactions to objects or situations that are not really dangerous Unconditioned; naturally elicits a reaction of fear Conditioned stimulus; object that had simply accompanied the frightening event
54
Panic disorder
report they are having a heart attack or losing their mind
55
Panic attack
discrete bouts of panic or terror
56
Agoraphobia
fear of venturing into public spaces
57
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessions or compulsions are severe
58
Obsessions
persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that seem to overrun a person's consciousness
59
Compulsions
repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
60
PTSD
Experience a large number of stressful events Ex. threatening situation, witness a death, or sexual violence etc. Feelings of anxiety or depression persist well after With four weeks or less than a month is acute stress disorder Continue longer than a month PTSD
61
Causes of PTSD
Biological and genetic factors; physical changes in brain and body Personality; certain personalities, attitudes, and coping styles Childhood experiences; certain childhood experiences (trauma) Social support; support systems
62
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder, distorted perceptions, disturbances in thoughts, emotions, behaviours and motor abnormalities
63
Psychosis
loss of contact with reality (hallucinations or delusions)
64
Delusions
false beliefs that are resistant to reason or contradictory evidence, maintained in spite of irrationality Delusions of grandeur, special talent or privy to secret knowledge
65
Loose association or derailment
disorganised thinking and speech
66
Hallucinations
auditory (hear voices)
67
Psychomotor?
Catatonia; stop responding to their environment. Catatonic rigidity, maintaining rigid upright posture Catatonic posture, assuming awkward, bizarre positions
68
Somatic symptom and related disorders
excessive concerbs Seekings medical treatment and different types of medications but nothing wrong Anxiety and conversion disorder 1. Individual has one or more somatic symptoms 2. Excessive health related anxiety and concern 3. Concern has lasted for at least 6 months
69
Illness anxiety disorder?
Preoccupied with having a serious disease in spite lack of somatic symptoms
70
Conversions disorder?
Suggestive neurological, paralysis, seizures, blindness or a loss of feeling Malingering, intentionally lie about symptoms to avoid unwanted disorders
71
Factitious Disorder?
Deliberately assume physical or psychological symptoms to adopt the patient

PSYC 201 (3 decks)

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