Psych Unit 7 Flashcards
(43 cards)
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Memory
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a MCQ test
Recognition
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
Relearning
The process of getting information into the memory system (Ex: extracting meaning)
Encoding
The process of retaining encoded info over time
Storage
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions
Parallel processing
The immediate, very brief record of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten
Short-term memory
The relatively permanent/ limitless storehouse of the memory system (Knowledge, skills, experiences)
Long-term memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory/visual information/ of information retrieved from long-term memory
Working memory
Retention of facts/experiences that one can consciously know/”declare” (Declarative memory)
Explicit memory
Encoding that requires attention/ conscious effort
Effortful processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information (Space, time, frequency, well-learned info: word meanings)
Automatic processing
Retention of learned skills/classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection (Nondeclarative memory)
Implicit memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 sec
Echoic memory
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units often occurs automatically
Chunking
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery/organizational devices
Mnemonics
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words
Shallow Processing
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information (Retrieval practice effect/ test-enhanced learning)
Testing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Spacing effect
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
Deep processing
