psych300- chapter 4: researcg methods Flashcards
(19 cards)
question formulation
gender stereotypes can bias the question, design of research and outcome of study
data analysis
focus on finding differences over similarities, a methods bias
interpreting results
specific gender differences are often over generalized as broader data actually support
publication bias
studies reporting differences over similarities are more likely to be published
quantitative methods
use of statistical analysis to analyze differences between groups
generalized results
results apply to more than study participants
survey research
reports beliefs, attitudes or opinions of people
correlational studies
compare and contrast groups “correlation does not equal causation”
similarities tradition
idea that women and men are very much alike in intelligence, and goals. more similar than different and the myth of differences deserves challenging
differences tradition
idea that there are fundamental differences between women and men; more different than similar and these differences should be recognized and honored
variability
range or “spread” of data (differences in scores, across individuals). Low score to High score (results).
standard deviation
difference between individual scores and the overall group mean/average. how one score differs from “average”
statistically significant
results so different that it is unlikely to have occurred by random chance: something is causing the effect
confounding
effects of two or more variables are mixed, making it impossible to determine which variable is causing the effects
moderator variable
variable interacting with the other variable to change the overall effect
meta-analysis
statistical method summarizing results of multiple research studies, conducted by different people at different times. more mathematically robust method of data analysis
variability hypothesis
developed to present men as more variable than women, and therefore “better.”
-Overall, women & men are far more similar than different, across cognitive abilities and skills (Halpern, 1992; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974).
social privilege
being accorded social power, status and resources; individual and group differences are not generally recognized as “special” by the group
-Generally privileged per dominant group membership (race/ethnic, gender, ability, etc.).
Awareness of privilege is a developmental process. Start as unaware…..
social oppression
being denied social power, status and resources, due to non-dominant group membership.
-Awareness of oppression is a developmental process. Start as unaware
