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U World Step 2 > Psychiatric/Behavioral & Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Psychiatric/Behavioral & Substance Abuse Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Treatment for acute dystonia

A

Anti-cholinergics

Diphenydramine

Benztropine

Trihexyphenidyl

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2
Q

Pathophysiology of Fragile X

A

Hypermethylation and impaired transcription of the protein FMRP

More than 200 repeats lead to total silencing of the gene and absence of the protein

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3
Q

Typical features of fragile X

A

Delayed milestones

Autistic behavior

Intellectual disability

Elongated face

Large testes

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4
Q

Initial medical workup for new-onset psychosis

A

Basic metabolic panel

CBC

Thyroid function tests

Urine toxicology

Syphilis screening

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5
Q

Factitious disorder

A

A patient intentionally produces illness with the goal of assuming the sick role.

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6
Q

Malingering

A

Patients feign symptoms to obtain external rewards

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7
Q

Borderline personality disorder

  1. Diagnostic criteria
  2. Treatment
A
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8
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of suspiciousness and mistrust of others

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9
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Lifelong pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotions.

Do not experience delusions or dissociative symptoms.

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10
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Odd, holding magical beliefs

Strange, but not overtly psychotic though processes

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11
Q

Hypothyroidism (psychiatric symptoms)

A

Depression

May experience psychotic symptoms in severe cases

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12
Q

Signs of alcohol withdrawal

A

Sympathetic overactivity

Tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, restlessness, tremulousness

Dilated pupils

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13
Q

HIV medication with neuropsychiatric side effects

A

Efavirenz

Insomnia with vivid dreams

Depression

Anxiety

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14
Q

Signs of opioid intoxication

A

Decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume (respiratory acidosis)

Hypotension

Hypothermia

Myosis

Decreased bowel sounds

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15
Q

Fetal exposure to phenytoin

A

Neural tube defects

Cardiac anomalies

Dysmorphic facies: Cleft lip, narrow bifrontal diameter, midface hypoplasia, broad and depressed nasal bridge, long philtrum

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16
Q

Fetal exposure to phenytoin

A

Nail and digit hypoplasia

Dysmorphic facies

Mental retardation

Growth deficiency

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17
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Growth deficiency

Long, smooth philtrum

Small palpebral fissures

Thin upper lip

CNS abnormalities, including mental retardation

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18
Q

Prenatal exposure to cocaine

A

Jitteriness

Excessive sucking

Hyperactive Moro reflex

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19
Q

Key features of somatic symptom and related disorders

  1. Somatic symptom disorder
  2. Illness anxiety disorder
  3. Conversion disorder (functional neurologic symptom disorder)
  4. Factitious disorder
  5. Malingering
A
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20
Q

Social anxiety disorder

  1. Diagnosis
  2. Treatment
A
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21
Q

Distinguishing between Bipolar I and Bipolar II

A
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22
Q

Antipsychotic extrapyramidal effects

  1. Extrapyramidal symptoms
  2. Treatment
A
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23
Q

Psychosocial intervention that decreases risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia

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A

Minimizing stress and conflict in the home

24
Q

Narcolepsy

  1. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
  2. Associated features
25
Panic disorder 1. Clinical features 2. Treatment
26
Assessment and managment of suicidality 1. Assessment 2. Managment
27
Differential diagnosis of a depressed mood
Treatment of choice for adjustment disorder focuses on psychotherapy that promotes coping skills and a return to function.
28
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 1. Clinical features 2. Treatment
29
Somatic symptom disorder 1. Clinical features 2. Management
30
Anti-emetics that are also dopamine antagonists
Metoclopramide Prochlorperazine Promethazine
31
Anorexia nervosa 1. Clinical features 2. Treatment 3. Complications
32
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
1. Signs/symptoms 2. Precipitating factors 3. Treatment
33
Catatonia 1. Clinical features 2. Management
34
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) 1. DSM-5 2. Specifiers
35
Generalized anxiety disorder 1. DSM-5 criteria **2. Treatment**
Benzodiazepines should be reserved for non-depressed patients without a history of substance abuse who fail to respond to or cannot tolerate antidepressants.
36
Gender dysphoria 1. Clinical features 2. Management
37
Drug intoxication (Drug, class, clinical features) 1. PCP 2. LSD 3. Cocaine 4. Methamphetamine 5. Marijuana 6. Heroin
38
Secondary causes of acute-onset psychosis in children and adolescents
39
Bath salts
Amphetamine analogues Cause severe agitation, compativeness, psychosis, delirium, myoclonus, and rarely, seizures. Most distinguishing feature is **prolonged duration of effect**. Delirium and psychosis due to bath salts may last from days to weeks, whereas the effects of intoxication with other amphetamines or hallucinogens are usually of much shorter duration. Not detected on routine tox screens
40
Normal aging versus Dementia 1. Memory loss 2. Word-finding difficulty 3. Independence and functioning
41
Antidepressant classification and major drugs 1. SSRI 2. SNRI 3. NDRI 4. TCA 5. MAOI 6. Other
42
Metabolic effects of second-generation antipsychotics 1. Metabolic syndrome **2. Highest-risk drugs** **3. Monitoring guidelines**
Assess BMI monthly Fasting plasma glucose and lipids, blood pressure, and waist circumference assessed at baseline, 3 onths, then annually.
43
Tourette syndrome 1. DSM-5 **2. Treatment**
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: **clonidine**, **guanfasine** Behavioral therapy: Habit reversal training (HRT)
44
First-line treatments for smoking cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy Buproprion Varenicline
45
Key features of DSM-5 personality disorders 1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal 4. Antisocial 5. Borderline 6. Histrionic 7. Narcissistic 8. Avoidant 9. Dependent 10. Obsessive-Compulsive
46
Ramelteon
Melatonin agonist used for sleep onset insomnia Demonstrated safety in older adults and requires o dosage adjustment
47
Delusional disorder 1. Clinical features 2. Differential diagnosis 3. Treatment
48
Cognitive impairment in elderly patients 1. Normal aging 2. Mild neurocognitive disorder 3. Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) 4. Major depression
49
Signs and symptoms of major depression
50
Differential diagnosis of DSM-5 anxiety disorders 1. Social anxiety disorder 2. Panic disorder 3. Specific phobia 4. Generalized anxiety disorder
51
Lithium toxicity 1. Etiology 2. Features 3. Management
52
Eating disorders 1. Anorexia nervosa 2. Bulimia nervosa 3. Bing-eating disorder
The binge-purge subtype of anorexia is distinguished from bulimia by body weight: **Anorexia**: Underweight (\<18.5 kg/m^2) **Bulemia**: Normal to overweight
53
LSD intoxication
Euphoria, hallucinations, subjective perceptual intensification, depersonalization, and allusions. 2 or more of the following signs are often present: Sweating, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, palpitations, tremors, poor coordination
54
3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) intoxication
Also known as ecstasy Synthetic amphetamine with mild hallucinogenic properties. Enhances euphoria, sociability, empathy, sexual desire
55
Trichotillomania 1. DSM-5 **2. Treatment**
56
Antisocial personality disorder 1. Clinical features 2. Managment
57
Reaction formation
Transforming an unacceptable feeling or impulse into its extreme opposite.

U World Step 2 (22 decks)

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