Psychiatric Disorders, Psychology, & Testing/Evaluation Flashcards
(32 cards)
Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia
Demographic factors include younger males white males with higher levels of education. The risks seen among the general population are applicable here.
Which inflammatory marker is most correlated with major depressive disorder?
C reactive protein (CRP) - it is associated with depressive symptoms like change in appetite, sleep disturbance, lack of energy, and tiredness. However, it has not been shown to be causative.
The diagnosis of “depressive disorder caused by another medical condition” has been commonly established for what 4 medical conditions?
Stroke, Hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) assess what?
1) Interpersonal Functioning
2) The TAT is a projective test assessing the person’s interpretation of illustrations of ambiguous interpersonal situations. Thus, it sheds light on a person’s interpersonal function and can also identify psychotic processes in the case of idiosyncratic interpretations.
What are the metabolic abnormalities seen in the following disordered eating behaviors?
1) Laxative abuse
2) Vomiting
1) Metabolic acidosis (excess stools contain more bicarbonate than plasma)
2) Metabolic alkalosis (vomiting leads to excessive loss of hydrochloric acid)
Common medication causes of Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder (ARABIIC)
Anabolic steroids, Reserpine, ACE-I, Beta Blockers, Isotretinoin, Interferon, Corticosteroids (ARABIIC)
Common causes of Depression Due to Another Medical Condition (TEMPTS Me)
Thyroid Disease, Epilepsy, post-MI, Pancreatic tumor, TBI, post-stroke, MS (TEMPTS Me)
What is the most common GENETIC cause of intellectual disability?
Trisomy 21 (as unlike FXS, Down Syndrome occurs randomly and is not inherited)
What is the most common cause of HERITABLE intellectual disability?
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
In Mahler’s stages of separation-individuation, ____ is the first stage, lasting from _____, and is the stage when the baby spends more time asleep than awake.
Normal autism; birth to 2 months
What are Bowlby and Robertson’s three essential stages of separation response among children? These can parallel children who go through separation by loss of parents to death, through divorce, or by going off to boarding school.
1) Protest
2) Despair and pain
3) Detachment and denial of affection
What are the stages of a person’s reaction to impending death?
Shock and denial –> anger –> bargaining –> depression –> acceptance
Lack of speech that results from a mental deficiency or dementia (so poverty of speech with poverty of thought) is referred to as?
Alogia
Schizophrenia is considered late-onset after the age of ____ and has a more favorable prognosis.
45 years ; more often in women
What is the surgical treatment for OCD?
Cingulotomy. 30% success rate in treatment resistant patients.
For individuals who have been hospitalized for major depression, what are the approximate relapse rates post-hospitalization?
25% in the first 6 months –> 30-50% up to 2 years –> 50% up to 5 years. Rates are decreased by 70% with prophylactic psychopharmacologic treatment.
What are the 5 stages for Freudian development? Specify ages.
1) Oral stage (birth to 1 year): Centers around mouth, tension relieved through oral gratification, if not successfully completed leads to dependency in adulthood.
2) Anal stage (1 year to 3 years). Developing control of anal sphincter – increase in aggressive and libidinal drives. Control of feces gives child independence though the child struggles with parent over separation. Successful completion leads to independence but failure leads to obsessive-compulsive neuroses.
3) Phallic stage (3 years to 5 years). Focus on the genital area, lays groundwork for gender identity. Poor resolution leads to the neuroses often associated with poor resolution of the oedipal complex. Successful resolution leads to a clear sense of sexual identity, curiosity without embarrassment, initiative without guilt, and mastery over things both internal and external.
4) Latency (5 years until puberty). Decrease in sexual interest and energy. Development of the supergo.
5) Genital stage (puberty to death). Goal is the ultimate separation from the parents and the development of nonincestous object relations.
Describe Piaget’s stage sensorimotor stage.
The first stage of cognitive development, from birth to 2 years old. Object permanence develops during this stage, as well as stranger anxiety (around 8 months)
What is the lab finding common to patient’s with self-induced vomiting?
Hypokalemic, hypochloremic alkalosis
True or false: Bipolar I disorder has equal prevalence among men and women?
TRUE
What term refers to the failure to develop a cohesive self or self-awareness?
Identity diffusion
Term for uncontrollable, excessive talking (as in mania)?
Logorrhea
Describe the preoperational stage according to Piaget
4-7 years old
1) Symbolic Function (2-4 years): Rapid development of language skills and symbolic thought, the ability to categorize objects based on similarities (but by a single feature), thinking is still egocentric
2) Intuitive thought (4-7 years): Children move beyond perceptive thinking and toward intuitive thinking, though still limited in logic or deduction
3) Animistic thinking (inanimate objects are given thoughts and feelings), Magical Thinking
Describe the concrete operational stage according to Piaget
7-11 years old
1) Children develop increasingly advanced reasoning, their thinking is more logical, organized, and systematic. Children can put things in order and group according to (multiple) common characteristics
2) Develop understanding of conservation (a tall cup of water and a wide cup can both hold equal volumes) and reversibility (ice can change to water and back to ice again)
3) Egocentric thought changes to operational thought –> another’s point of view can be taken into consideration
