Psychiatry Flashcards

Question

What symptoms are suggestive of mania?

Answer 1

Abnormally elevated mood Increased energy Pressure of speech Flight of ideas or racing thoughts Poor concentration Increased libido/disinhibition Extravagant plans Psychotic symptoms --> delusions (usually grandiose), hallucinations (usually voices)

Answer 2

Symptoms of mania lasting for at least 7 days which usually begin abruptly

Answer 3

Mild elevation of mood/irritability Increased energy Feelings of wellbeing Increased sociability

Answer 4

Rapid alternation, within a few hours, of manic/hypomanic symptoms and depression

Answer 5

Hypersomnia Weight instability Early age of onset Abrupt onset More frequent episodes of shorter duration History of substance misuse Psychosis, psychomotor retardation, catatonia Family history of bipolar disorder

Answer 6

Mania + depression

Answer 7

Many episodes of depression + hypomania

Answer 8

CBT Interpersonal therapy

Answer 9

Antidepressant (fluoxetine) + antipsychotic (olanzapine, quetiapine, haloperidol, risperidone) for an acute manic episode Lithium (mood stabiliser) or valproate for long term management

Answer 10

Haloperidol Fluphenazine Chlorpromazine Prochlorpromazine

Answer 11

Reduce positive schizophrenia symptoms (delusions, hallucinations)

Answer 12

Worsening of negative schizophrenia symptoms (anergia, lack of motivation, social disengagement) Extrapyramidal disorders Increased prolactin (sexual dysfunction, gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea) Chlorpromazine --> Orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic symptoms (eg. dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary problems), sedation, weight gain

Answer 13

Anti-cholinergic drugs (eg. procyclidine)

Answer 14

Aripiprazole Olanzapine Risperidone Paliperidone Clozapine Quetiapine

Answer 15

Reduce positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms Reduces extrapyramidal side effects Improves cognition compared with typical antipsychotics

Answer 16

Weight gain Sedation Orthostatic hypotension Hyperglycaemia/hyperlipidaemia Constipation Nausea/vomiting

Answer 17

Thought alienation Passive phenomena 3rd person auditory hallucination Delusional perception (Only need 1 of the above for diagnosis)

Answer 18

Delusions 2nd person auditory hallucinations Thought disorders Catatonic behaviours (Need at least 2 of the above for diagnosis)

Answer 19

Excessive anxiety Lasting for 6+ months Tiredness Poor concentration Irritability Muscle tension Initial insomnia (difficulty falling asleep)

Answer 20

Palpitations Chest pain Tachypnoea Urgency Dizziness

Answer 21

Feelings of impending doom Fear of dying Fear of losing control Depersonalisation Derealisation

Answer 22

Alprazolam Diazepam Clonazepam Lorazepam

Answer 23

Drowsiness Dizziness Decreased concentration

Answer 24

Insomnia Anxiety Muscle relaxants

Answer 25

Schizoid (lack of interest in social interaction) Paranoid (patterns of distrust and suspicion without reasonable cause) Schizotypal (mild form of schizophrenia where someone has few, if any, close relationships and doesn't seem to understand how relationships form and how their behaviour impacts others, also quite eccentric)

Answer 26

Emotionally unstable/Borderline Histrionic (feel uncomfortable if not at the centre of attention) Narcissistic (inflated sense of self importance) Dissocial (converted from antisocial PD at 18 years old, antisocial behaviour can include impulsivity, irresponsibility and crime)

Answer 27

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder/Anankastic (preoccupation with orderliness, perfection and control) Dependent (feelings of helplessness and submissiveness and inability to take care of themselves) Avoidant (chronic feelings of inadequacy and fear of rejection)

Answer 28

Impulsivity --> can manifest as substance abuse, eating disorders, sexual/risk taking behaviours, self-harm, overspending Intense unstable relationships Fear of abandonment Unstable mood Feelings of emptiness Thoughts of self-harm/suicide Uncertainty around self-image

Answer 29

Tends to not be suicidal but instead aims to relieve psychic pain Inflict self-punishment Reduce anxiety/re-establish control Shout for help

Answer 30

Validating, containing, compassion Consistency Medication is often unreliable Gold standard therapy is Dialectical Behavioural Therapy --> Self-soothing and distraction techniques

Answer 31

Depression Anxiety OCD PTSD Eating disorders Psychosis

Answer 32

Mild/moderate depression --> helps the patient to understand how their problems are connected to their relationships

Answer 33

Used for detainment for assessment of a patient Maximum 28 days and cannot be renewed Requires 1 section 12 registered doctor and any other registered practitioner

Answer 34

Used for detainment for treatment of a patient 6 months and can be renewed Requires 1 section 12 registered doctor and any other registered practitioner

Answer 35

Used for urgent necessity for when a second doctor is unavailable Maximum 72 hours for assessment 1 doctor + 1AMHP

Answer 36

Used as a doctor's holding power for admitted patients to allow for assessment for sections 2 or 3 Maximum 72 hours Does not allow treatment

Answer 37

Used as a nurse's holding power for an admitted patient who wants to leave, until a doctor can arrive Maximum 6 hours Does not allow for treatment

Answer 38

The ability of a doctor to make decisions about detainment of a patient in sections 2 or 3

Answer 39

Allows for the police to access a person's home and remove them on the basis of poor mental health and transport them to a place of safety to allow for further assessment

Answer 40

Allows for the police to detain an individual suspected of having a mental disorder in a public place and transport them to a place of safety to allow for further assessment

Answer 41

Anxiousness/nervousness Irritability Depression Fatigue Tremor Mood swings Loss of concentration Night sweats Headache Difficulty sleeping Nausea/vomiting Loss of appetite

Answer 42

Tremor Tachycardia Hypertension Dilated pupils Fever Tachypnoea

Answer 43

Often able to withdraw at home with help Benzodiazepine sedative (eg. chlordiazepoxide) Test for other comorbidities associated with alcohol use Counselling for alcohol use

Answer 44

Often hospitalised for monitoring IV fluids IV sedatives Treat seizures or any other complication Supportive to stop drinking

Answer 45

Fever Extreme agitation Seizures Extreme confusion Hallucinations Hypertension Tachycardia Hyperthermia Extreme sweating

Answer 46

Past history of delirium tremens Past history of seizures Concurrent illness History of detoxification Prolonged period prior to last drink

Answer 47

Severe alcohol withdrawal

Answer 48

IV benzodiazepines IV Pabrinex (Vitamin B1) --> Prevent Korsakoff's syndrome Control and treat symptoms

Answer 49

Thiamine deficiency

Answer 50

Altered mental state Ophthalmoplegia (extraocular muscle paralysis) Ataxic gait Delirium Hypotension Nystagmus

Answer 51

Chronic alcohol abuse Chronic malnutrition

Answer 52

Severe alcohol use Severe malnutrition Hyperemesis gravidarum (severe vomiting in pregnancy) Malignancy Liver disease Hyperthyroidism

Answer 53

Clinical triad of altered mental state, ophthalmoplegia and ataxic gait

Answer 54

IV thiamine

Answer 55

Hyperreflexia Seizures Agitation Slurred speech Kidney failure Tachycardia Hyperthermia Nystagmus Hypotension Confusion

Answer 56

Decontamination --> Charcoal, gastric lavage, whole bowel irrigation Elimination --> Haemodialysis

Answer 57

Both are false perceptions, but whereas illusions are due to a misinterpretation of a stimulus arising from an object, hallucinations do not involve an object

Answer 58

A hallucination that occurs when falling asleep

Answer 59

A hallucination that occurs when waking up

Answer 60

A false belief that is maintained despite strong evidence that it is untrue (eg. an anorexic patient believing that they are fat)

Answer 61

A belief held with unshakeable conviction that cannot be altered by rational arguement and is outside the person's normal cultural belief system

Answer 62

Belief that a normal event has a special meaning for them

Answer 63

Feelings that an individual's thoughts are no longer in their control

Answer 64

Where an individual believes that a thought has been inserting into their head

Answer 65

Where an individual believes that their thoughts have been taken out of their head by an external source

Answer 66

Belief that the individual's life story is being told to everyone

Answer 67

A form of hallucination where the individual hears their own thoughts out loud after they have thought them

Answer 68

A sudden halting of thoughts, causing the individual to stop speaking mid sentence

Answer 69

Where an individual jumps between unrelated ideas when talking

Answer 70

Where an individual talks irrelevantly around the point

Answer 71

Where an individual repeats a word/theme/action beyond the point of relevance

Answer 72

Where a gap in the memory is filled with false content

Answer 73

Where the individual passively receives bodily sensations that are imposed from outside forces

Answer 74

A serious mental disturbance causing confusion and reduced awareness of the surroundings

Answer 75

A state of excited motor activity in the absence of mood or neurological disorder

Answer 76

Where thoughts are formed quickly, causing the individual to talk quickly and jittery

Answer 77

Where speech is difficult to form and only comes in order to answer a question

Answer 78

Where speech is adequate in quantity but is vague and lacks meaningful content

Answer 79

A tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly

Answer 80

The inability to experience emotion

Answer 81

A lack of interest

Answer 82

No emotional expression

Answer 83

Significantly reduced emotional expression

Answer 84

Emotional response out of time with the scenario

Answer 85

A lack of concern by an individual to their symptoms

Answer 86

A feeling of being outside oneself and passively observing ones actions

Answer 87

A feeling that the world around an individual is unreal

Answer 88

An intrusive thought that intrudes into consciousness and cannot be easily removed

Answer 89

A repetitive behaviour that an individual feels the need to do to temporarily relieve an unpleasant feeling brought on by an obsessive thought

Answer 90

Delusional jealousy, usually believing that their partner is being unfaithful

Answer 91

Delusional belief that one or more familiar people are repeatedly changing their appearance

Answer 92

A mental disorder shared by two people at the same time

Answer 93

Where someone deceives others by appearing sick or purposely getting sick or self harming Can also happen by presenting others, such as children, as being ill

Answer 94

When a patient believes that they are dead or non-existent

Answer 95

When the patient believes that a relative or friend has been replaced by an identical imposter

Answer 96

Where patients with vision loss have vivid, recurrent visual hallucinations

Answer 97

When a patient believes that another individual is infatuated with them, often with the other person being imaginary, deceased or unknown

Answer 98

Significant focus on a physical symptoms that causes significant distress and/or problems functioning

Answer 99

An exaggeration of present symptoms and belief that there is an underlying serious disease eg. cancer

Answer 100

Where a patient experiences motor or sensory neurological symptoms that cannot be explained with medical evaluation

Answer 101

Feigning or exaggeration of symptoms for financial/material gain

Answer 102

Where the patient feels disconnected from the world around them

Answer 103

Where a patient talks around the point without ever answering the question asked

Answer 104

Triptans --> cause Serotonin Syndrome

Answer 105

Agitation/restlessness Insomnia Confusion Hypertension Tachycardia Pupil dilation Muscle rigidity Twitching Sweating Diarrhoea Headache Shivering

Answer 106

Excess serotonin build up

Answer 107

Stop causative drug Activated charcoal if caused by overdose Supportive measures Benzodiazepines to control agitation

Answer 108

Adverse reaction to antipsychotics Abrupt dopaminergic withdrawal

Answer 109

Change in mental state Rigidity Fever Autonomic dysfunction (tachycardia, hyper/hypotension)

Answer 110

Impairment of consciousness and attention Global disturbance in cognition Psychomotor disturbance Disturbance of sleep-wake cycle Emotional disturbance

Answer 111

They facilitate and enhance the bonding of GABA to the GABA receptors

Psychiatry Flashcards

(137 cards)