Psychiatry

Question 1

Positive symptoms

Answer 1

• Characterized by the presence of unusual thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors
• Like hallucinations, delusions, agitation

Question 2

Negative symptoms

Answer 2

• Characterized by the absence of normal social and mental functions
• Like lack of motivation, anergia, isolation, poor self-care

Question 3

Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 3

2 or more of the following:
-Hallucinations
-Delusions
-Disorganized speech
-Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
-Negative symptoms
PLUS, there must also be social or occupational dysfunction
PLUS, symptoms must be present for at least 6 months

Question 4

Syndrome that resembles schizophrenia, but with prominent mood disturbances. Also, the psychotic symptoms must persist for some time in the absence of any mood syndrome

Answer 4

Schizoaffective disorder

Question 5

Syndrome that involves schizophrenic symptoms that fail to last for 6 months and does not involve social withdrawal

Answer 5

Schizophreniform disorder

Question 6

Disorder involving nonbizarre delusions without other psychotic symptoms

Answer 6

Delusional disorder

Question 7

Difference between Bipolar I and II

Answer 7

• Bipolar I is diagnosed after at least one episode of mania

- Bipolar II has no mania, but may involve hypomania

Question 8

Tx options for social phobia

Answer 8

• MAOIs
• Beta blockers
• SSRIs
• Alprazolam
• Gabapentin

Question 9

Disorder involving pervasive worry over virtually every aspect of life with physical manifestations of anxiety

Answer 9

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Question 10

Obsessions (definition)

Answer 10

Recurrent intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that cause significant anxiety and distress

Question 11

Compulsions (definition)

Answer 11

Repetitive, purposeful physical or mental actions that are generally performed in response to obsessions

Question 12

Good way to differentiate between delusions and obsessions

Answer 12

Obsessions are usually unwanted, resisted, and recognized by patients as coming from their own thoughts
Delusions are generally regarded as distinct from patients’ thoughts and are typically not resisted

Question 13

Hallucinations (definition)

Answer 13

Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there and have no basis in reality (like seeing someone standing in front of you when nothing at all is really there)

Question 14

Delusions (definition)

Answer 14

A misinterpretation of something that is really there (like thinking a lamp is a person)

Question 15

Describe cluster A personality disorders

Answer 15

Odd and eccentric

Question 16

People with this personality disorder are distrustful, suspicious, and anticipate harm and betrayal

Answer 16

Paranoid

Question 17

Individuals with this personality disorder are emotionally detached and prefer to be left alone; they have a profound difficulty experiencing or expressing emotion

Answer 17

Schizoid

Question 18

People with this personality disorder have odd thoughts, affects, perceptions, and beliefs; Similar to schizophrenia but less severe and without sustained psychotic symptoms

Answer 18

Schizotypal

Question 19

What personality disorders belong to cluster A?

Answer 19

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

Question 20

Describe Cluster B personality disorder

Answer 20

Dramatic and emotional

Question 21

What personality disorders belong to cluster B?

Answer 21

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

Question 22

What personality disorders belong to cluster C?

Answer 22

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive

Question 23

Individuals with this personality disorder repetitively disregard the rules and laws of society and rarely experience remorse for their actions

Answer 23

Antisocial

Question 24

Individuals with this personality disorder suffer from instability in relationships, self-image, affect, and impulse control

Answer 24

Borderline

Question 25

Individuals with this personality disorder have excessive superficial emotionality and a powerful need for attention

Answer 25

Histrionic

Question 26

Individuals with this personality disorder appear arrogant and entitled, but suffer from extremely low self-esteem

Answer 26

Narcissistic

Question 27

Individuals with this personality disorder desire relationships but avoid them because of the anxiety produced by their sense of inadequacy; They are hypersensitive to criticism

Answer 27

Avoidant

Question 28

Individuals with this personality disorder are extremely needy, relying on others for emotional support and decision making

Answer 28

Dependent

Question 29

Individuals with this personality disorder are perfectionists who require a great deal of order and control

Answer 29

Obsessive-compulsive

Question 30

In an alcoholic, what can cause the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome?

Answer 30

Thiamine deficiency

Question 31

How do you treat DTs?

Answer 31

IV Benzodiazepines and supportive care, usually in the ICU

Question 32

Major difference between anorexia and bulimia

Answer 32

Anorexia involves low body weight (<85% ideal weight) and Bulimia does not

Question 33

IQ requirements for a diagnosis of mental retardation

Answer 33

< 70

Question 34

3 types of learning disorders

Answer 34

- Reading disorder - Mathematics disorder - Disorder of written expression

Question 35

Triad of symptoms in autistic disorder

Answer 35

- Impaired social interactions - Impaired ability to communicate - Restricted repertoire of activities and interests

Question 36

Pervasive developmental disorder that is a major cause of mental retardation in girls

Answer 36

Rhett's disorder

Question 37

Disorder characterized by a period of normal development followed by loss of function in multiple domains; Rare

Answer 37

Childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 38

Probably the most common pervasive developmental disorder; Characterized by impaired social interactions and restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors and interest

Answer 38

Asperger's disorder

Question 39

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or important age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

Answer 39

Conduct disorder

Question 40

Disorder involving annoying, difficult, or disruptive behavior whose frequency significantly exceeds that of other children his or her mental age

Answer 40

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 41

Disorder that involves repeated episodes of defecation in inappropriate places

Answer 41

Encopresis

Question 42

Reversible state of global cerebral cortical dysfunction characterized by alterations in attention and cognition and produced by a definable precipitant

Answer 42

Delirium

Question 43

Laboratory workup for a patient with suspected deliurium

Answer 43

-Urinalysis -CMP -CBC -O2 sat Possibly also a CXR, ABG, neuroimaging, or electroencephalogram

Question 44

Key features of delirium

Answer 44

- Identifiable precipitant - Abrupt onset - Variable course (can change throughout the day)

Question 45

Are typical or atypical antipsychotics generally more effective in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 45

Atypical