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BDS3 BAMS Diseases of Human Systems > Psychiatry - Mood Disorders and Psychoses > Flashcards

Psychiatry - Mood Disorders and Psychoses Flashcards

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1
Q

How can mood disorders present to the dentist

A 
oral effects (somatiform disorders)
patient's general demeanor
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2
Q

What are the oral effects of mood disorders that may present to the dentist

A

dysaesthesias

facial pain

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3
Q

What is the mood disorder spectrum

A

normal mood goes from elation, normal mood, dysthymia

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4
Q

What are common symptoms of depression

A 
low mood
reduced interest and motivation
lethargy and tiredness
sleep disturbance
appetite disturbance
poor concentration 
loss of confidence and self esteem
recurrent thoughts of death and suicide
unreasonable self reproach and guilt
any form of anxiety
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5
Q

What is bipolar 1

A

mania

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6
Q

What is bipolar 2

A

cyclothymia

hypomania

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7
Q

What are mania and hypomania symptoms

A

increased productivity and feeling of wellbein
reduced need for sleep
gradual reduction in social functioning and occupational functioning
increase in reckless behavior
followed by period of depression

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8
Q

What can treatment of mood disorders be split into

A

pyschological
drug treatment
physical

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9
Q

What is psychological treatment of mood disorders

A

cognitive therapy

interpersonal psychotherapies

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10
Q

What is the drug treatment for mood disorders

A

usually 2 yr tx
antidepressant
mood stabilising

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11
Q

What is the physical treatment of mood disorders

A

exercise
phototherapy
ECT

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12
Q

What are the acute phase antidepressants

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
venalfaxine/mirtazepine
tricyclic anti depressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitor

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13
Q

What are mood stabilizing drugs

A

lithium
carbamazepine
valproate
lamotrigine

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14
Q

Why is lithium not really used anymore

A

has potential interaction and toxicity problems

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15
Q

Why is the patient taking an anti depressant

A

treating depression
treating anxiety disorders
pain relief
help psychological treatments

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16
Q

What are the original types of tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitriptyline
nortriptyline
dosulepin

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17
Q

What are the new tricyclic antidepressants

A

imipramine

doxepine

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18
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

dry mouth
sedation
weight gain

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19
Q

What should tricyclic anti depressants be used in caution with

A

glaucoma

prostatism

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20
Q

What type of drugs are SSRIs

A

prozac

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21
Q

What are the different types of prozac type SSRi drugs

A

fluoxetine
paroxetine
fluvoxamine

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22
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs

A

acute anxiety disorders
some patients similar to TCA - sedation, dry mouth
GI upset

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23
Q

What is the issue with citalopram and sertraline SSRIs

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A

citalopram

sertraline

24
Q

What are MAOI

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A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

25
What are the 3 monoamine oxidase inhibitors
phenelzine isocarboxazid selegeline
26
What are the interactions of MAOI
indirect acting sympathomimetic amines enhanced VC effect cough and cold remedies foodstuffs - tyramine containing, alcohol, low alcohol bovril/oxo/marmite, cheese, herring, beans
27
What are other drugs used as antidepressants that are usually prescribed by psychiatrist not GP
venlafaxine (mixed SRI/NRI) mirtazapine (complex 5HT actions presynaptic alpha2 antagonist) nefazadone (SSRI/5HT blockade) reboxetine (SNRI)
28
What are drugs used in mood disorders
lithium - mood stabiliser carbamezapine/lamotrigine/valproate - mood stabiliser antipsychotic medicines to treat episodes of mania
29
Which should drugs should be avoided with lithium
avoid NSAID and METRONIDAZOLE
30
What are the antipsychotic medicines used for bipolar mood disorders
aripiprazole olanzapine quetiapine risperidone
31
What is the direct drug effects of antidepressant drug tremtntes
dry mouth - caries (lithium) sedation facial dyskinesias
32
What is psychoses
perceptual abnormaliteit
33
What illnesses may we see psychoses
manic depression schizophrenia korsakoff psychosis (alcohol induced brain degeneration)
34
What are drug effects of psychoses
dry mouth drug interactions dyskinesias - tonic or dystonia (tardive)
35
What is schizophrenia
thought disorder fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception various types of delusion - sometimes bizarre auditory hallucinations
36
What is the etiology of schizophrenia
dopaminergic neurotransmission genetic susceptibility - multigene environmental - perinatal risk factors drug abuse - cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, opiate (cannabis and alcohol)
37
What's the management for schizophrenia
psychological therapy | drug therapy
38
What is the psychological therapy for schizophrenia management
CBT cognitive remediation family intervention
39
What is the drug therapy for schizophrenia management
oral or depot IM injection - compliance, frequency of requirement dopamine antagonist drugs atypical antipsychotics - less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects
40
What are the issues with dopamine antagonist drugs
cause 'extrapyramindal' side effects, dry mouth and sedation
41
What are the anti psychotics
butryophenones phenothiazines thioxanthenes new 'atypical' antipsychotics
42
What is the butryrophenones
haloperidol | droperidol
43
What are the phenothiazines
chlorpromazine, thioridazine | prochlorperazine, fluphenazine
44
What are the thioxanthenes
flupenthixol, zucopenthixol
45
What are the new atypical antipsychotics
sulpiride, respirions, clozapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole | olanzapine
46
What are the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics
akathisia dystonia parkinsonism tardive dyskinesia
47
What is akathisia
feeling of restlessness, making it hard to sit down r hold still symptoms include tapping your finger, rocking and crossing and uncrossing your legs
48
What is dystonia
muscles involuntary contract and concord elating to painful positions or movements
49
What is parkinsonism
the same symptoms as someone with parkinsons disease but your symptoms are caused by medications, not by the disease may include tremor, slower thought processes, slower movements, rigid muscles, difficulty speaking and facial stiffness
50
What is tardive diskinesia
uncontrollable facial movements such as sucking or chewing, lip smacking, sticking your tongue out or blinking your eyes repeatedly do not go away if medicine is stopped
51
How can extrapyradimal symptoms be treated
need to restore some balance can use an atypical antipsychotic instead can use beta blockers (non selective) can use anticholinergics
52
What are the the different types of eating disorders
anorexia nervosa bulimia comfort eating
53
What is anorexia nervosa
altered perception of body image don't eat may see oral effects of malnutrition
54
What is bulimia
normal weight - binge / vomit comfort eat dental erosion and oesophageal stricture issues comfort eating
55
What is the core psychopathology of eating disorders
fear of being fat | self perception of being too fat
56
What are other behaviors aimed at losing weight
self induced vomiting excessive exercise use of laxatives, appetite suppressants, diuretics
57
What are symptoms of borderline personality disorders
``` deep fear unstable relationships changes in self image stress paranoia impulsive behaviour suicidal threats excessive mood swings feelings of solitude ```

BDS3 BAMS Diseases of Human Systems (11 decks)

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