Psychoactive Drugs - Sleep + Deams

Question 1

What Are Psychoactive Drugs?

Answer 1

Chemical Substances that alter mood and perception (consciousness)

Question 2

What is Tolerance/Neuroadaptation?

Answer 2

Alters brain chemistry, when a drug requires larger doses to get the same effect -> what leads to addiction

Question 3

What is withdrawal?

Answer 3

The body responding to a drugs absence
-physical pain
-intense cravings

Question 4

What is addiction

Answer 4

compulsive craving for a substance despite the consequences

Question 5

what are the 3 main types of psychoactive drugs?

Answer 5

-Depressants
-Stimulants
-Hallucinogens

Question 6

What are depressants?

Answer 6

reduces neural activity and functions

Question 7

Examples of depressants

Answer 7

-Alcohol
-Opiates
-Barbituates

Question 8

What do depressants effect?

Answer 8

-perception (visual, memory, judgment)
-motor processes
-more aggressive

Question 9

What can happen to the hippocampus long term due to alcohol effects?

Answer 9

It can shrink

Question 10

Why do people often lose their memories after drinking alcohol?

Answer 10

Because it effects the hippocampus which is in charge of memories

Question 11

What are expectancy effects?

Answer 11

Kind of like placebo effect, alcohol will work just how you imagine it would work.

Question 12

What are barbiturates/tranquilizers?

Answer 12

depressant - mimics effects of alcohol
reduces anxiety but impairs memory and judgment

Question 13

what could a nickname for barbiturates be?

Answer 13

“truth serum” - lowers peoples guards and makes them more talkative

Question 14

What are opiates + derivatives?

Answer 14

a depressant - examples include morphine and heroin. depresses neural activity.

Question 15

What are opiates an agonist for?

Answer 15

Endorphins!! they mimic the effects. (aka, brain stops producing opiates

Question 16

What are stimulants?

Answer 16

Speeds bodily processes - more powerful one scan give feelings of invincibility.

Question 17

What is caffeine?

Answer 17

a stimulant - found in many daily drinks

in high doses can increase anxiety, headaches, and insomnia

Question 18

What are amphetamines?

Answer 18

Stimulant
-Methamphetamine (speed) used to stay awake and very addictive.
Can trigger the release of dopamine, leaving you permanently depressed.

Question 19

What is nicotine?

Answer 19

stimulant
found in tobacco - either sedative or stimulating
affects neurotransmitters and increases heartbeat/breathing

Question 20

what is Ecstacy (aka MDMA)?

Answer 20

stimulant + hallucinogen
euphoric high - damages seratonin producing neurons which trigger dopamine release

releases seratonin and blocks reabsorbtion

Question 21

What is cocaine?

Answer 21

stimulant
blocks reabsorbtion of extra dopamine
increased alertness and motivation

Question 22

What are hallucinogens?

Answer 22

substances that disturb sight and sound

Question 23

Examples of synthetic halluciongens?

Answer 23

LSD and MDMA

Question 24

What is LSD?
(Lysergic Acid Piethylamide)

Answer 24

Hallucinogen
Blocks seratonin action + makes you psychotic like a near death experience

Question 25

What is Marijuana/THC?

Answer 25

hallucinogen distortion of time anxiety depression schizophrenia

Question 26

3 factors that lead to drug abuse?

Answer 26

Biological, psychological, socio-cultural influances

Question 27

What is waking consciousness?

Answer 27

the awareness of ourselves and our environment thoughts, feelings, and perception reflecting and planning ahead

Question 28

What are altered states of consciousness?

Answer 28

mental states noticeable different from normal

Question 29

what are the 3 states of consciousness?

Answer 29

spontaneous - daydreaming psychological - meditation or hypnosis psysiological - hallucination, starvation

Question 30

what is circadian rhythms?

Answer 30

physical, mental, and behavioral changes -24 hour cycle -temperature changes -responds to light and dark

Question 31

what is the SCN (super chiasmatic nucleus)?

Answer 31

the "master clock" group of nerve cells that control different rhythms located in the hypothalamus

Question 32

4 different types of biological rhythms

Answer 32

Annual - migration, hibernation 28-day - menstrual cycles 24 hour - sleep, body temperature 90-minute - various stages of sleep

Question 33

Which brain waves are associated with being awake and alert?

Answer 33

beta waves

Question 34

Which brain waves are associated with being awake and relaxed? (twilight)

Answer 34

Alpha waves

Question 35

Which brain waves are associated with sleep stages 1-2?

Answer 35

Theta waves

Question 36

Which brain waves are associated with sleep stages 3-4?

Answer 36

Delta waves

Question 37

what is REM sleep?

Answer 37

Rapid eye movement sleep when vivid dreams occur. while asleep, still experiencing beta wave like conditions.

Question 38

In which stage do you feel like you're falling or jerking?

Answer 38

Stage 1

Question 39

In which stage do you sleep talk or walk?

Answer 39

Stage 2

Question 40

Which stage of sleep is known as the transitional stage?

Answer 40

Stage 3

Question 41

Which stage are your brainwaves the slowest and make you hard to wake up almost like you're dead?

Answer 41

Stage 4

Question 42

Which stage of sleep is known for REM sleep?

Answer 42

Stage 5

Question 43

What are some consequences of sleep deprivation?

Answer 43

fatigue --> death impaired concentration emotional irratability depressed immune system

Question 44

What is REM rebound?

Answer 44

This is your body's way of trying to catch up on its REM sleep. makes you delusional, confused, and irritated

Question 45

How much sleep do adults need on average every day?

Answer 45

8 hours each day.

Question 46

What are 5 reasons we sleep?

Answer 46

protection, recouperation, (restoring brain tissue) remembering, creativity, and growth.

Question 47

What is insomnia?

Answer 47

Difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep

Question 48

Sleepwalking and Sleeptalking

Answer 48

Usually during stage 4 sleep, occurs in mainly children

Question 49

What are night terrors?

Answer 49

Episodes of fright that occur during stages 3 or 4 of NREM sleep NOT THE SAME AS NIGHTMARES

Question 50

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 50

Person stops breathing momentarily during sleep

Question 51

What is Narcolepsy?

Answer 51

Suddenly falling asleep without warning during waking hours

Question 52

What is REM Behavior Disorder

Answer 52

That's when your body doesn't get paralyzed during sleep so you like act it out irl.

Question 53

what is Sleep Paralysis?

Answer 53

Body fails to undo the paralysis briefly upon waking.

Question 54

What do we dream?

Answer 54

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

Question 55

what are Lucid Dreams?

Answer 55

are dreams in which you become aware that you are dreaming and you can control aspects of your environment in the dream.

Question 56

Why do we dream?

Answer 56

To satisfy our own wishes: To file away memories (information processing): To develop and preserve neural pathways (Physiological function): To make sense of neural static (activation-synthesis theory) To reflect cognitive development

Question 57

What is Freud’s wish fulfillment?

Answer 57

Dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings from the Id.

Question 58

what is latent content?

Answer 58

underlying meaning of a dream

Question 59

what is manifest content?

Answer 59

the storyline of a dream

Question 60

What is Information processing?

Answer 60

Dreams help us sort through the day’s events

Question 61

What is Physiological function?

Answer 61

To develop/preserve neural pathways

Question 62

What is activation synthesis?

Answer 62

combining the activation of different brain cells and existing knowledge- how we interpret dreams

Question 63

what is the Cognitive theory of dreaming?

Answer 63

Dreams overlap with waking cognition, coherent speech